Table 4 Adjusted models for the association between barriers to physical activity and physical activity

Transport-related physical activity ^┼

Physical activity level (Negative binomial model)

Odds of being physically inactive (Logit model)

Barriers to physical activity

e^β (e.^{95% CI})

p-value

e^β (e.^{95% CI})

p-value

Lack of footpaths, cycle lanes, or parks

0.79 (0.66—0.94)

0.007

Cost

1.33 (1.04—1.69)

0.021

Safety concerns (e.g., street lighting, traffic)

1.23 (1.01—1.51)

0.044

Pollution – Haze

0.55 (0.41—0.73)

 < 0.001

Leisure-related physical activity ^╪

Physical activity level (Negative binomial model)

Odds of being physically inactive (Logit model)

Barriers to physical activity

e^β (e.^{95% CI})

p-value

e^β (e.^{95% CI})

p-value

The weather (e.g., wet and hot)

0.85 (0.75—0.98)

0.022

0.69 (0.53—0.91)

0.009

Lack of time

0.73 (0.62—0.86)

 < 0.001

Age

0.82 (0.67—0.99)

0.042

1.43 (1.02—2.01)

0.037

Safety concerns (e.g., street lighting, traffic)

1.29 (1.08—1.54)

0.004

Cost

1.58 (1.13—2.22)

0.008

Feeling tired

1.85(1.40—2.46)

 < 0.001