Outcome | Group | Baseline | 10 weeks change from baseline (Mean, 95% CI) | 9 months change from baseline (Mean, 95% CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SE) | Within groupa | Mean difference between groupsb | p-value [Cohen’s d] | Within groupc | Mean difference between groupsb | p-value [Cohen’s d] | ||
Primary Outcome | ||||||||
Steps/day | ||||||||
Children e, h | Intervention | 8043 (342) | + 1895 (1202, 2588) | + 1417 (449, 2384) | .004 [0.53] | + 1996 (1281, 2712) | + 1480 (493, 2467) | .003 [0.55] |
Control | 9596 (339) | + 478 (-197, 1154) | + 516 (-164, 1198) | |||||
Secondary Outcomes | ||||||||
Steps/day | ||||||||
Father e | Intervention | 8368 (379) | + 850 (229, 1470) | + 1027 (157, 1897) | .021 [0.43] | + 737 (97, 1376) | + 633 (-254, 1520) | .161 [0.26] |
Control | 8160 (377) | -177 (-788, 433) | + 104 (-511, 718) | |||||
Adjusted steps/dayi | ||||||||
Children e,h | Intervention | 10,625 (498) | + 406 (-571, 1385) | + 1500 (135, 2865) | 0.032 [0.40] | + 1122 (-28, 2271) | + 1904 (306, 3503) | 0.020 [0.44] |
Control | 12,095 (492) | -1093 (-2045, -141) | -783 (-1894, 329) | |||||
Fathers e | Intervention | 10,104 (479) | + 217 (-676, 1109) | + 1040 (-212, 2292) | 0.103 [0.29] | + 371 (-548, 1290) | + 1046 (-230, 2322) | 0.108 [0.30] |
Control | 9824 (477) | -823 (-1702, 56) | -675 (-1560, 210) | |||||
LPA (accelerometer sub-sample) (mins/d) | ||||||||
Children (n = 43)j | Intervention | 249 (7) | -4 (-20, 11) | -3 (-24, 19) | 0.798 [-0.07] | + 3 (-13, 20) | -6 (-28, 16) | 0.602 [-0.16] |
Control | 246 (7) | -2 (-17, 13) | + 9 (-6, 24) | |||||
Fathers (n = 45)k | Intervention | 174 (10) | -54 (-78, -31) | -10 (-43, 22) | 0.516 [-0.19] | -9 (-35, 16) | -4 (-38, 30) | 0.823 [-0.07] |
Control | 186 (10) | -44 (-66. -22) | -5 (-28, 17) | |||||
MVPA (accelerometer sub-sample) (mins/d) | ||||||||
Children (n = 43)j | Intervention | 104 (6) | + 5 (-8, 18) | -4 (-22, 14) | 0.636 [-0.15] | + 22 (8, 36) | + 2 (-17, 21) | 0.823 [0.07] |
Control | 108 (6) | + 9 (-3, 22) | + 20 (7, 32) | |||||
Fathers (n = 45)k | Intervention | 70 (10) | + 51 (14, 89) | + 11 (-40, 62) | 0.665 [0.13] | + 1 (-19, 21) | + 6 (-20, 33) | 0.630 [0.14] |
Control | 90 (11) | + 40 (6, 75) | -5 (-23, 12) | |||||
Self-reported MVPA (mins/wk) | ||||||||
Fathers e | Intervention | 140 (26) | + 61 (17, 105) | + 60 (-1, 122) | .055 [0.35] | + 34 (-20, 85) | + 57 (-17, 130) | .132 [0.27] |
Control | 174 (25) | + 1.0 (-43, 44) | -24 (-76, 28) | |||||
Children’s FMS competence (TGMD) | ||||||||
Object control score d, f, h | Intervention | 8.9 (0.6) | + 4.7 (3.3, 6.2) | + 4.5 (2.5, 6.5) | .000 [0.79] | + 7.9 (6.4, 9.3) | + 2.7 (0.6, 4.8) | .011 [0.46] |
Control | 10.6 (0.6) | + 0.3 (-1.1, 1.7) | + 5.1 (3.7, 6.6) | |||||
Co-physical activity (days/wk) | ||||||||
1-on-1 | Intervention | 1.6 (0.2) | + 0.9 (0.4, 1.3) | + 0.4 (-0.3, 1.1) | .252 [0.21] | + 0.4 (-0.1, 0.9) | + 0.2 (-0.5, 0.9) | .665 [0.08] |
Control | 1.3 (0.2) | + 0.5 (-0.0, 1.0) | + 0.2 (-0.3, 0.7) | |||||
Family (other children or family) | Intervention | 2.5 (0.2) | + 0.3 (-0.2, 0.8) | + 0.2 (-0.4, 0.9) | .470 [0.13] | + 0.03 (-0.4, 0.5) | + 0.05 (-0.6, 0.7) | .879 [0.03] |
Control | 2.3 (0.2) | + 0.1 (-0.4, 0.5) | -0.02 (-0.5, 0.5) | |||||
Fathers’ role modelling | ||||||||
Physical Activity | Intervention | 2.7 (0.1) | + 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) | + 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | .001 [0.58] | + 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | + 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | .003 [0.54] |
Control | 2.7 (0.1) | + 0.1 (-0.0, 0.2) | + 0.0 (-0.1, 0.2) | |||||
Screen time parenting practices | ||||||||
Fathers’ screen as reward e, f | Intervention | 2.4 (0.1) | -0.6 (-0.7, -0.4) | -0.3 (-0.6, -0.1) | .007 [0.49] | -0.6 (-0.8, -0.4) | -0.3 (-0.6, -0.1) | .011 [0.46] |
Control | 2.3 (0.1) | -0.3 (-0.4, -0.1) | -0.3 (-0.5, -0.1) | |||||
Fathers’ screens other than TV f, g | Intervention | 1.6 (0.7) | -0.4 (-0.5, -0.2) | -0.2 (-0.4, -0.1) | .010 [0.47] | -0.2 (-0.4, -0.1) | -0.1 (-0.3, 0.1) | .208 [0.23] |
Control | 1.6 (0.1) | -0.1 (-0.2, 0.0) | -0.1 (-0.3, -0.0) | |||||
Screen time (average mins/day) | ||||||||
Children e (mother proxy) | Intervention | 87.5 (6.5) | -15.9 (-26.8, -5.1) | -0.1 (-15.5, 15.3) | .989 [0.20] | -6.4 (-17.1, 4.4) | 3.9 (-11.4, 19.3) | .614 [0.09] |
Control | 100.6 (6.5) | -15.8 (-26.8, -4.9) | -10.3 (-21.3, 0.7) | |||||
Fathers e | Intervention | 124.1 (6.7) | -25.2 (-38.1, -12.4) | -16.6 (-34.8, 1.5) | .073 [0.32] | -12.9 (-25.9, 0.3) | -6.3 (-25.1, 12.5) | .509 [0.12] |
Control | 108.0 (6.6) | -8.6 (-21.5, 4.3) | -6.6 (-19.9, 6.9) | |||||
Weight status | ||||||||
Children (BMI-z) | Intervention | 0.41 (0.11) | -0.01 (-0.09, 0.09) | -0.01 (-0.14, 0.12) | .892 [0.03] | + 0.02 (-0.08, 0.11) | -0.11 (-0.24, 0.18) | .092 [0.30] |
Control | 0.24 (0.11) | + 0.00 (-0.09, 0.09) | + 0.13 (0.03, 0.22) | |||||
Fathers (BMI) | Intervention | 28.0 (0.6) | -0.3 (-0.5, -0.2) | -0.2 (-0.4, 0.0) | .061 [0.35] | + 0.0 (-0.2, 0.3) | -0.1 (-0.4, 0.2) | .548 [0.10] |
Control | 28.1 (0.6) | -0.1 (-0.3, 0.0) | + 0.1 (-0.1, 0.4) | |||||
Fat mass % | ||||||||
Children d | Intervention | 17.8 (0.9) | -0.3 (-2.0, 1.4) | + 0.5 (-1.9, 2.8) | .695 [0.07] | -1.0 (-2.7, 0.6) | -1.4 (-3.7, 0.9) | .232 [0.22] |
Control | 17.5 (0.8) | -0.8 (-2.4, 0.9) | + 0.4 (-1.3, 2.0) | |||||
Fathers | Intervention | 22.3 (1.1) | -0.8 (-1.8, 0.2) | -1.0 (-2.4, 0.5) | .184 [0.24] | + 0.8 (0.2, 1.4) | -0.2 (-1.0, 0.7) | .687 [0.07] |
Control | 23.2 (1.06) | + 0.2 (-0.8, 1.2) | + 1.0 (0.4, 1.6) |