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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression model examining the association of food worry and symptoms of anxiety (GAD ≥ 3) n = 1605

From: Food worry and mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Variables

Univariate regression

Multivariate regression

OR (95% CI)

p

aOR (95% CI)

p

Current food worry

3.43 (2.68 – 4.38)

 < .0001

2.07 (1.43 – 2.98)

 < .0001

No current food worry

Reference

 

Reference

 

Past food worry

3.20 (2.32 – 4.42)

 < .0001

1.17 (0.74 – 1.87)

0.50

No past food worry

Reference

 

Reference

 

Gender

 Female

1.20 (1.45 – 2.75)

 < 0.001

1.74 (1.17 – 2.59)

0.006

 Male

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Non-binarya

3.92 (1.76 – 8.75)

 < 0.001

1.89 (0.66 – 5.42)

0.2386

Ethnicity

 Indigenous

1.58 (1.20 – 2.09)

 < 0.01

0.97 (0.69 – 1.36)

0.86

 Asian, Middle Eastern, African, Latin American

1.15 (0.85 – 1.55)

0.38

1.02 (0.70 – 1.47)

0.93

 European

Reference

 

Reference

 

Age

 16 – 34 years

2.13 (1.63 – 2.79)

 < .0001

2.00 (1.40 – 2.84)

0.0001

 35 – 49 years

1.50 (1.13 – 1.99)

 < 0.01

1.63 (1.13 – 2.34)

0.009

 50 – 64 years

Reference

 

Reference

 

  ≥ 65 years

0.29 (0.16 – 0.52)

 < .0001

0.30 (0.14 – 0.66)

0.002

Household income

  < $30,000

2.63 (1.94 – 3.56)

 < .0001

1.84 (1.28 – 2.64)

0.001

 $30,000 – 79,999

1.15 (0.84 – 1.56)

0.38

1.10 (0.77 – 1.56)

0.61

 80,000 – 149,000

1.05 (0.78 – 1.42)

0.74

1.05 (0.75 – 1.47)

0.77

  ≥ $150,000

Reference

 

Reference

 

Educationb

 High school or less

2.11 (1.71 – 2.60)

 < .0001

1.56 (1.17 – 2.07)

0.003

 College diploma

1.68 (1.35 – 2.10)

 < .0001

1.14 (0.85 – 1.54)

0.37

 University

Reference

 

Reference

 

Pre-existing mental health condition

 Yes

4.60 (3.79 – 5.59)

 < .0001

3.81 (3.02 – 4.82)

 < .0001

 No

Reference

 

Reference

 
  1. aTransgender, gender fluid, non-binary, Two-Spirit
  2. bhighest completed
  3. Model adjusted for gender, ethnicity, age, income, education, past food worry and pre-existing mental health condition