Table 1 Comprehensive IMD sequelae map: selected sequelae proportions (range across studies), and relevance for economic evaluation
Category / clinical presentation | Sequelae % (range across studies) | Relevant for EE | Source SIGN |
|---|---|---|---|
Category: Physical/neurological sequelae | |||
Renal condition | 7.32 (0.79–8.92) | Yes | Huang 2020 [25] 2+ |
Hearing loss – unilateral/hearing impairment | 6.47 (2.30–12.94) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Non-severe neurological disorders | 5.02 (1.26–12.17) | Yes | Rivero-Calle 2016 [26] 2+ |
Hearing loss – moderate bilateral | 4.74 (3.32–4.74) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Communication disorders | 4.18 (0.39–12.17) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Motor deficit - composite of: | 3.97 | Yes | |
Muscle weakness | 2.47 (0.26–5.83) | Cabellos 2019 [27] 2+ | |
Palsy | 0.26 (0.26–7.93) | Bettinger 2013 [20] 3 | |
Movement coordination/ balance deficits | 0.22 (0.00–16.83) | Rivero-Calle 2016 [26] 2+ | |
Other and non-specific motor deficits | 1.02 (1.02–12.17) | Bettinger 2013 [20] 3 | |
Skin scarring (with/without grafting) | 3.66 (1.67–17.82) | Yes | Huang 2020 [25] 2+ |
Hearing loss – severe/profound bilateral (cochlear implant) | 2.45 (1.53–11.88) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Seizures/epilepsy | 2.09 (0.92–7.06) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Other and non-specified skin disease (e.g., skin necrosis, eczema, psoriasis) | 1.53 (1.53–2.40) | Yes | Rivero-Calle 2016 [26] 2+ |
Amputation | 1.26 (major) 2.09 (major and minor) (1.74–3.84) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Severe neurological disorders | 1.02 (1.02–1.18) | Yes | Bettinger 2013 [20] 3 |
Mental retardation/low IQ | 0.84 (0.52–2.44) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Blindness/severe visual impairment | 0.42 (0.26–2.44) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Raynaud phenomenon symptoms | 27.72 | Borg 2009 [28] 2+ | |
Other and non-specified vascular conditions | 15.24 (0.26–15.24) | Huang 2020 [25] 2+ | |
Chronic headaches | 13.91 (13.91–18.33) | Stein-Zamir 2014 [29] 3 | |
Other and non-specific physical conditions | 12.87 (0.92–12.87) | Borg 2009 [28] 2+ | |
Learning disabilities* | 11.76 | Svendsen 2020 [30] 2+ | |
Pulmonary condition | 10.82 (0.13–10.82) | Cabellos 2019 [27] 2+ | |
Arthritis | 5.73 (5.73–7.59) | Gottfredson 2011 [18] 2- | |
Limb deficiency/deformities | 3.96 (3.96–8.70) | Borg 2009 [28] 2+ | |
Other and non-specific intellectual disabilities | 1.48 (0.63–22.61) | Gottfredson 2011 [18] 2- | |
Other visual impairments | 1.13 (0.92–1.13) | Sadarangani 2015 [31] 2- | |
Other and non-specified musculoskeletal deficiencies | 0.44 (0.44–3.65) | Rivero-Calle 2016 [26] 2+ | |
Other and non-specified abnormal brain activity | 0.26 | Bettinger 2013 [20] 3 | |
Vegetative state | 0.13 | Stoof 2015 [21] 3 | |
Category: Psychological/behavioural sequelae | |||
ADHD | 11.41 | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Separation anxiety | 6.85 | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Generalised anxiety | 2.68 (2.68–5.83) | Yes | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ |
Depression | 0.26 (0.00–5.83) | Yes | Bettinger 2013 [20] 3 |
Oppositional defiant disorder | 11.41 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |
Other and non-specific anxiety disorders | 6.67 (0.00–6.67) | Gottfredson 2011 [18] 2- | |
Conduct disorder | 6.04 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |
Specific phobias | 4.70 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |
Other and non-specific emotional/behavioural disorders | 3.41 | Stoof 2015 [21] 3 | |
Hydrocephalus | 2.44 | Huang 2020 [25] 2+ | |
Autistic spectrum disorder | 1.34 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |
Social anxiety disorder/social phobia | 1.34 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |
Eating disorder | 0.68 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |
Post-traumatic stress disorder | 0.00 | Viner 2012 [19] 2++ | |