Table 1 Study characteristics and measurement of economic abuse
From: Examining the impact of economic abuse on survivors of intimate partner violence: a scoping review
Author (Publication year) | Study location | Sample | Nature of study | Measurement of economic abuse | Economic abuse prevalence rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adams & Beeble (2019) [20] | United States | Women receiving services from DV and SA service agencies (n = 94) | Survey data collected as part of a larger, longitudinal evaluation of an advocacy intervention | SEA (28 items) | Not reported |
Adams et al. (2008) [2] | United States | Women receiving services from DV service agencies (n = 103) | Cross-sectional survey focused on validating a measurement tool for EA | SEA (28 items) | 99% (since relationship began) |
Adams et al. (2015) [3] | United States | Women receiving services from DV and SA service agencies (n = 93) | Survey data collected as part of a larger, longitudinal evaluation of an advocacy intervention | SEA (28 items) | All reported some form of EA at baseline (since relationship began) |
Adams et al. (2020) [21] | United States | Women receiving services from DV service agencies (n = 248) | Cross-sectional survey focused on validating a measurement tool for EA | SEA2 (14 items) | 96% (at least one EA tactic since relationship began) |
Adams et al. (2020) [22] | United States | Women who called the National DV Hotline (n = 1823) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using brief surveys | Three (3) items measuring coerced debt | 52% (lifetime coerced debt) |
Antai et al. (2014) [23] | Philippines | Women between the ages of 15–49 living in Philippines (n = 9316) | Cross-sectional representative sample using surveys | Four (4) items measuring EA | Not reported |
Bulut et al. (2017) [24] | Turkey | Postpartum women receiving care in a family practice clinic (n = 128) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using surveys | Not indicated | 3% (timeframe unclear) |
Cardenas et al. (2021) [25] | United States | Latina women receiving services from DV agencies (n = 200) | Survey data collected as part of a larger, longitudinal evaluation of a financial empowerment program | SEA-12 (12 items) | Not reported |
Davila et al. (2021) [26] | United States | Latina women receiving services from DV agencies (n = 245) | Cross-sectional study using data collected from a longitudinal evaluation of a financial empowerment program | SEA-12 (12 items) | Not reported |
Gibbs et al. (2018) [27] | South Africa | Women aged 18–30 living in informal settlements (n = 680) | Cross-sectional study using data collected from a longitudinal evaluation of a DV intervention | Four (4) items measuring EA | 52% (at least one EA tactic in past 12 months) |
Gottlieb & Mahabir (2021) [28] | United States | Mothers interviewed in hospitals after giving birth (n = 3515) | Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the FFCWB Study | Two (2) items measuring financial control and work/school sabotage | One-third of sample (since the birth of their child) |
Gul et al. (2020) [29] | Turkey | Mothers of children referred for pediatric health services (n = 336) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using surveys | One (1) item measuring EA | 12.5% (since relationship began) |
Gurkan et al. (2020) [30] | Turkey | Pregnant women presenting to the antenatal polyclinic (n = 370) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using surveys | One (1) item from DV Against Women Screening Form | 25.9% (during pregnancy) |
Haj-Yahia (2000) [31] | Palestine | Married Palestinian women (n = 1334) | Cross-sectional systematic random sample using surveys | Two (2) items measuring financial control | 44% (past 12 months) |
Hamdan-Mansour et al. (2011) [32] | Jordan | Ever married women over the age of 18 living in villages in southern Jordan (n = 807) | Cross-sectional study using stratified random sampling to survey participants | Marital Abuse Scale (5 items) | Not reported |
Huang et al. (2013) [33] | United States | Mothers interviewed in hospitals following giving birth (n = 2107) | Secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected from the FFCWB Study | Two (2) items measuring financial control and work/school sabotage | 11.8% at baseline; 13.5% at Year 3; 15.1% at Year 5 (past 12 months) |
Huang et al. (2015) [34] | United States | Mothers interviewed in hospitals following giving birth (n = 2410) | Secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected from the FFCWB Study | Two (2) items measuring financial control and work/school sabotage | 28% (when their child was one or three years old) |
Jewkes et al. (2003) [35] | South Africa | Women between the ages of 18–49 living in South Africa (n = 1164) | Cross-sectional representative sample using surveys | Items measuring financial control (number of items unclear) | Not reported |
Kanougiya et al. (2021) [36] | India | Ever-married women between ages 18–49 living in two informal settlements (n = 4906) | Cross-sectional systematic random sample | 15 items measuring EA | 23% (at least one form over their lifetime) |
Kapiga et al. (2017) [37] | Tanzania | Ever partnered women participating in microfinance loan groups (n = 1021) | Cross-sectional baseline survey from a cluster RCT | WHO Violence Against Women Instrument (3 items) | 34% (past 12 months) |
Johnson (2021) [38] | United States | Pregnant women in a relationship (n = 183) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using surveys recruited via research panel service | SEA2 (14 items) | Not reported |
Nicholson et al. (2018) [39] | United States | Mothers interviewed in hospitals birth (n = 2389) | Secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected from the FFCWB Study | Two (2) items measuring financial control and work/school sabotage | 28% (lifetime at Year 1 and Year 3) |
Postmus et al. (2012) [40] | United States | Mothers interviewed in hospitals following giving birth (n = 2305) | Secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected from the FFCWB Study | Two (2) items measuring financial control and work/school sabotage | Not reported |
Postmus et al. (2012) [4] | United States | Women receiving services from DV programs (n = 120) | Cross-sectional study using data collected from a longitudinal evaluation of a financial empowerment program | SEA (28 items) | 94.2% (in current relationship or last 12 months of most recent relationship) |
Postmus et al. (2021) [41] | Cambodia, China, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka | Women between the ages of 18–49 (n = 3105) | Cross-sectional study using multi-stage cluster sampling to survey participants | Four (4) items measuring EA | 35.6% (lifetime) |
Sauber et al. (2020) [42] | United States | Female DV survivors recruited through agencies providing services to survivors, as well as online (n = 147) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using surveys | SEA-12 (12 items) | 95% (at least one experience in the past 6 months) |
Stockl & Penhale (2015) [43] | Germany | Women between the ages of 16–86 who received a letter inviting them to participate (n = 10,264) | Secondary analysis of cross-sectional nationally representative data collected as part of the Health, Well-Being and Personal Safety of Women in Germany study | Items measuring financial control (number of items unclear) | 12% of participants 16–49; 14% 50–65; 13% 66–86 (occurred with current partner) |
Stylianou (2018) [44] | United States | Women receiving services from DV agencies (n = 457) | Cross-sectional study using data collected from a longitudinal evaluation of a financial empowerment program | SEA-12 (12 items) | 93% (past 12 months) |
Tenkorang & Owusu (2019) [45] | Ghana | Ever-married women aged 18 and older living within selected communities (n = 2289) | Cross-sectional study using multi-stage simple random sampling to survey participants | Seven (7) items measuring employment sabotage, economic exploitation, and economic depravation | 8.5% employment sabotage; 24% economic exploitation; 42% economic deprivation (timeframe unclear) |
Usta et al. (2007) [46] | Lebanon | Women seeking services in selected health clinics (n = 1415) | Cross-sectional convenience sample using surveys | One (1) item measuring EA | 12% (lifetime) |
Voth Schrag (2015) [47] | United States | Mothers interviewed in hospitals following giving birth (n = 2775) | Secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected from the FFCWB Study | Two (2) items measuring financial control and work/school sabotage | 14% (timeframe unclear) |
Voth Schrag et al. (2019) [48] | United States | Women enrolled in community college (n = 435) | Cross-sectional study using simple random sample to survey participants | SEA-12 (12 items) | Not reported |
Voth Schrag et al. (2020) [49] | United States | Women enrolled in community college (n = 435) | Cross-sectional study using simple random sample to survey participants | SEA-12 (12 items) | 43.8% (at least one form of EA in past 12 months) |
Yau et al. (2020) [50] | Hong Kong | Adults between the ages of 35–60 (n = 504) | Cross-sectional stratified systematic sample using surveys | Chinese SEA-12 (C-SEA-12; 12 items) | 36.5% (past 12 months) |
Yunus et al. (2017) [51] | Malaysia | Adults aged 60 or older living within selected districts (n = 1927) | Longitudinal study using multi-stage cluster sampling strategy and administrative records | Adapted version of the Conflict Tactics Scale for Elder Abuse | 8.1% (experienced since turning age 60) |