Table 1 Individual characteristics and deprivation indices, overall and by outcome (preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA)), Metropolitan France, National Perinatal survey, 2010–1016
Total | PTB | SGA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | n | % | n | pa | % | n | pa | |
N | 26,238 | 7.1 | 1845 | 11.1 | 2908 | |||
Maternal age (years) | 0.004 | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 20 | 1.9 | 508 | 11.0 | 55 | 15.9 | 79 | ||
[20–25[ | 13.1 | 3421 | 7.4 | 253 | 13.3 | 453 | ||
[25–30[ | 32.4 | 8498 | 6.9 | 586 | 10.9 | 920 | ||
[30–35[ | 32.4 | 8491 | 6.7 | 566 | 10.2 | 861 | ||
≥ 35 | 20.2 | 5296 | 7.3 | 384 | 11.3 | 595 | ||
Educational level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
Lower secondary education (ISCED 0–2) | 25.7 | 6613 | 8.3 | 545 | 13.6 | 893 | ||
Upper secondary education (ISCED 3) | 20.5 | 5270 | 7.1 | 371 | 10.9 | 573 | ||
post-secondary non-tertiary, short cycle tertiary (ISCED 4–5) | 20.6 | 5300 | 6.7 | 356 | 10.3 | 545 | ||
university Bachelors’ degree equivalent or higher (ISCED 6–8) | 33.2 | 8532 | 5.8 | 490 | 9.6 | 816 | ||
Household income (€) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 1000 | 9.7 | 2442 | 8.9 | 215 | 15.5 | 375 | ||
[1000–2000[ | 23.1 | 5786 | 7.3 | 421 | 12.0 | 688 | ||
[2000–3000[ | 29.2 | 7317 | 6.8 | 498 | 10.8 | 790 | ||
≥ 3000 | 38.0 | 9531 | 5.5 | 521 | 9.4 | 890 | ||
Individual deprivation index | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
0 | 78.8 | 20,322 | 6.4 | 1299 | 10.3 | 2078 | ||
1 | 10.6 | 2725 | 8.1 | 221 | 12.7 | 345 | ||
2 | 6.6 | 1691 | 8.3 | 139 | 13.7 | 229 | ||
≥ 3 | 4.1 | 1064 | 8.8 | 93 | 16.4 | 173 | ||
Previous PTB | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 96.3 | 24,522 | 6.4 | 1574 | 10.9 | 2653 | ||
Yes | 3.7 | 938 | 23.4 | 219 | 18.2 | 170 | ||
Previous SGA | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 96.6 | 24,569 | 6.5 | 1660 | 10.5 | 2580 | ||
Yes | 3.4 | 872 | 15.2 | 132 | 27.6 | 240 | ||
Parity | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
No | 57.1 | 14,917 | 6.5 | 962 | 8.9 | 1327 | ||
Yes | 42.9 | 11,232 | 7.8 | 875 | 14.0 | 1567 | ||
BMI before pregnancy (kg/m2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||
< 18.5 | 7.8 | 1983 | 8.7 | 173 | 17.1 | 338 | ||
18.5–24 | 62.9 | 15,873 | 6.3 | 999 | 11.1 | 1749 | ||
25–29.9 | 18.5 | 4677 | 1.2 | 304 | 9.4 | 438 | ||
≥ 30 | 10.8 | 2718 | 7.7 | 208 | 9.0 | 243 | ||
Maternal birth country | 0.0004 | 0.01 | ||||||
France | 81.7 | 21,075 | 6.6 | 1377 | 11.2 | 2351 | ||
Other European | 3.9 | 1001 | 6.4 | 64 | 9.6 | 95 | ||
North Africa | 7.0 | 1814 | 7.5 | 136 | 9.0 | 162 | ||
Sub-Saharan Africa | 4.4 | 1147 | 9.4 | 107 | 12.3 | 141 | ||
Other | 3.0 | 765 | 8.8 | 67 | 10.3 | 78 | ||
Smoking (number of cigarettes/day during the third trimester) | 0.02 | < 0.0001 | ||||||
0 | 83.5 | 21,543 | 6.6 | 1428 | 9.3 | 2002 | ||
1–9 | 12.1 | 3118 | 7.4 | 231 | 19.1 | 592 | ||
≥ 10 | 4.4 | 1133 | 8.4 | 95 | 21.6 | 243 | ||
Cannabis consumption | < 0.0001 | |||||||
No | 98.4 | 24,907 | 6.5 | 1639 | 10.8 | 2679 | ||
Yes | 1.6 | 392 | 9.5 | 37 | 21.5 | 83 | ||
Other adverse obstetric history | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ||||||
No | 92.2 | 23,547 | 6.3 | 1476 | 10.4 | 2445 | ||
Yes | 7.8 | 1979 | 16.4 | 324 | 19.2 | 379 | ||
Urban–Rural status of munipalities | 0.001 | 0.04 | ||||||
Isolated rural with very low density | 3.1 | 744 | 6.3 | 47 | 10.5 | 78 | ||
Isolated rural with low density | 10.4 | 2536 | 6.7 | 169 | 12.8 | 324 | ||
Rural with low relationship with an employment hub | 9.2 | 2244 | 5.6 | 125 | 10.2 | 227 | ||
Rural with strong relationship with an employment hub | 10.4 | 2535 | 6.8 | 172 | 10.3 | 261 | ||
Suburban (intermediate density) | 26.8 | 6520 | 6.9 | 446 | 11.2 | 727 | ||
Urban centre (highly urban) | 40.0 | 9712 | 7.9 | 767 | 11.3 | 1087 | ||
FDep (quintile) | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||||||
Q1 | 20.06 | 5264 | 6.3 | 329 | 10.3 | 541 | ||
Q2 | 19.73 | 5176 | 6.8 | 349 | 11.0 | 566 | ||
Q3 | 20.02 | 5254 | 7.2 | 378 | 10.6 | 553 | ||
Q4 | 19,73 | 5178 | 7.2 | 370 | 11.8 | 606 | ||
Q5 | 20,45 | 5366 | 7.8 | 419 | 12.0 | 642 | ||
FEDI (quintile) | < 0.0001 | 0.03 | ||||||
Q1 | 19.99 | 5245 | 6.0 | 312 | 10.2 | 530 | ||
Q2 | 19.94 | 5231 | 6.5 | 343 | 10.8 | 560 | ||
Q3 | 20.02 | 5252 | 7.0 | 370 | 11.1 | 582 | ||
Q4 | 20.04 | 5259 | 6.7 | 353 | 11.8 | 617 | ||
Q5 | 20.01 | 5251 | 9.1 | 474 | 11.9 | 619 | ||