The impact of COVID-19 restrictions on perceived health and wellbeing of adult Australian sport and physical activity participants

Table 4 Measures of wellbeing^a: by four respondent characteristics

Measure	Characteristics									p-value^b
Measure	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	N	Mean	SD	p-value^b
	Gender^c
	Male			Female
General wellbeing	1219	3.43	0.66	829	3.45	0.66				.601
Resilience	1204	3.69	0.67	823	3.68	0.70				.610
Life satisfaction	1212	6.63	1.80	830	6.82	1.66				.016
	Age (years)
	18–29			30–49			50–59
General wellbeing	511	3.28	0.69	929	3.42	0.65	615	3.58	0.64	< .001
Resilience	498	3.62	0.72	917	3.70	0.67	618	3.72	0.67	.063
Life satisfaction	501	6.44	1.78	925	6.72	1.70	623	6.91	1.78	< .001
	Region
	Metropolitan			Non-metropolitan
General wellbeing	1364	3.43	0.67	681	3.44	0.66				.664
Resilience	1353	3.71	0.68	670	3.64	0.69				.034
Life satisfaction	1364	6.69	1.76	675	6.75	1.74				.775
	Sport and physical activity settings
	Club^d			Informal only^e			Inactive
General wellbeing	1700	3.44	0.67	336	3.44	0.62	19	3.20	0.96	.300
Resilience	1684	3.69	0.69	332	3.67	0.67	17	3.56	0.58	.646
Life satisfaction	1698	6.69	1.78	334	6.83	1.57	17	6.47	2.53	.334
	Sport and physical activity modes
	Team^f			Individual only^g			Inactive
General wellbeing	1381	3.43	0.65	655	3.44	0.68	19	3.20	0.96	.294
Resilience	1360	3.69	0.69	656	3.68	0.69	17	3.56	0.58	.675
Life satisfaction	1373	6.70	1.74	659	6.72	1.77	17	6.47	2.53	.837

^aGeneral wellbeing: 14 items, scale 1–5. Resilience: 4 items, scale 1–5. Life satisfaction: 1 item, scale 1–10
^bTwo groups: independent samples t-test; three groups: F-test
^cSeven respondents who reported their gender as’Other’ were excluded from the gender breakdowns because the small sample size provided inadequate statistical power to enable reliable conclusions to be drawn about this population
^dThose who participated in club sports, including those who also participated in informal sport or other recreational physical activities
^eThose who participated in informal sport or other recreational physical activities, but not in club sports
^fThose who participated in team sports or activities, including those who also participated in individual sports or activities
^gThose who participated in individual sports or physical activities, but not in team sports or activities

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