Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the study participants
Study variables | Year 8 | Year 11 | Year 13 | Year 15 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Circumferences | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Â |
 Head (cm) | 52.1 (2.3) | 53.8 (1.7) | 54.4 (2.5) | 54.6 (3.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Chest (cm) | 62.2 (4.6) | 72.1 (6.7) | 79.3 (6.8) | 84.1 (6.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Waist (cm) | 57.9 (5.8) | 63.8 (7.2) | 69.8 (7.7) | 70.5 (6.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Hips (cm) | 66.6 (5.1) | 77.9 (7.3) | 86.5 (8.2) | 91.3 (6.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Arm (cm) | 19.8 (2.0) | 21.9 (2.6) | 23.8 (4.3) | 25.0 (4.6) |  < 0.001 |
Indices | |||||
 Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 16.1 (2.0) | 17.4 (2.7) | 19.1 (2.9) | 20.1 (2.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.87 (0.05) | 0.82 (0.05) | 0.81 (0.08) | 0.78 (0.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Waist-to-height ratio | 0.44 (0.04) | 0.42 (0.04) | 0.43 (0.04) | 0.41 (0.04) |  < 0.001 |
Skinfold thicknesses | |||||
 Biceps (mm) | 7.8 (3.3) | 7.3 (3.5) | 6.8 (3.8) | 5.9 (2.8) |  < 0.001 |
 Triceps (mm) | 10.7 (4.6) | 11.2 (4.7) | 12.4 (5.3) | 12.3 (5.1) |  < 0.001 |
 Subscapula (mm) | 8.9 (4.9) | 9.1 (5.3) | 9.2 (5.1) | 9.3 (4.2) | 0.507 |
 Suprailiaca (mm) | 9.9 (5.8) | 9.3 (6.0) | 8.7 (5.6) | 8.1 (4.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Thigh (mm) | 20.5 (8.6) | 20.2 (8.1) | 19.6 (9.1) | 19.8 (9.7) | 0.416 |
 Sum5skinfolds (mm) | 57.8 (24.4) | 57.1 (23.4) | 56.7 (25.0) | 55.4 (24.2) | 0.163 |