Table 1 Summary statistics of analytic sample stratified by incarceration exposure—pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS), 2019 (N = 12,712)

Disability Type

 Communication

4.2%

10.8%

.005

 Hearing

4.6%

6.7%

.163

 Cognition

27.1%

50.0%

 < .001

 Vision

18.6%

34.9%

 < .001

 Self-care

2.0%

3.1%

.162

 Mobility

5.1%

16.9%

 < .001

 Total disabilities

.62 (0.01)

1.22 (0.09)

 < .001

Maternal Age

 < 18

0.6%

1.7%

.109

 18–24

20.2%

35.8%

 < .001

 25–29

29.7%

39.5%

.019

 30–34

31.2%

12.3%

 < .001

 35 + 

18.3%

10.7%

.002

Maternal Race/Ethnicity

 White

62.9%

52.8%

.013

 Hispanic

13.0%

12.2%

.817

 Black

17.4%

29.0%

 < .001

 Other Race/Ethnicity

6.7%

6.0%

.704

 Currently Married

62.7%

18.4%

 < .001

Maternal Educational Attainment

 Less than High School

9.6%

27.2%

 < .001

 High School Graduate

24.1%

32.7%

.014

 Some College

27.0%

35.5%

.023

 College Graduate

39.3%

4.5%

 < .001

Body Mass Index

 Underweight

2.9%

7.6%

.162

 Normal Weight

40.9%

39.9%

.803

 Overweight

26.1%

26.0%

.968

 Obese

30.1%

26.5%

.304

Household Income

 < $16,000

18.4%

67.2%

 < .001

 $16,000-$40,000

21.4%

19.4%

.476

 $40,001-$85,000

30.3%

12.2%

 < .001

 > 85,000

29.9%

1.2%

 < .001

 Number of Dependents

2.94 (0.02)

2.97 (0.12)

.735