Table 2 The association between the greenness and air pollution with the metabolic syndrome and the components (Binary outcome) in the longitudinal analysis^a

Abdominal obesity

NDVI

0.79 (0.71, 0.88)

< 0.001

0.81 (0.73, 0.90)

< 0.001

−0.210

0.056

< 0.001

Abdominal obesity

PM_2.5

1.19 (1.12, 1.27)

< 0.001

1.18 (1.11, 1.26)

< 0.001

0.199

0.037

< 0.001

Abdominal obesity

NDVIPM_2.5

−0.088

0.039

0.025

Elevated fasting glucose

NDVI

0.93 (0.84, 1.04)

0.192

0.94 (0.85, 1.05)

0.277

−0.054

0.055

0.332

Elevated fasting glucose

PM_2.5

1.06 (0.99, 1.13)

0.071

1.06 (0.99, 1.13)

0.096

0.027

0.037

0.464

Elevated fasting glucose

NDVI^*PM_2.5

0.076

0.042

0.073

Hypertension

NDVI

0.99 (0.89, 1.11)

0.902

0.99 (0.89, 1.10)

0.872

−0.008

0.055

0.885

Hypertension

PM_2.5

0.99 (0.93, 1.06)

0.762

0.99 (0.93, 1.06)

0.75

−0.015

0.039

0.696

Hypertension

NDVI^*PM_2.5

0.012

0.049

0.808

Hypertriglyceridemia

NDVI

1.01 (0.89, 1.16)

0.843

1.02 (0.89, 1.17)

0.752

0.042

0.074

0.574

Hypertriglyceridemia

PM_2.5

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

0.449

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

0.43

−0.026

0.049

0.592

Hypertriglyceridemia

NDVI^*PM_2.5

0.158

0.056

0.005

Reduced HDL-C

NDVI

0.98 (0.88, 1.08)

0.646

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

0.998

0.001

0.055

0.981

Reduced HDL-C

PM_2.5

1.14 (1.07, 1.21)

< 0.001

1.14 (1.07, 1.21)

< 0.001

0.095

0.036

0.009

Reduced HDL-C

NDVI^*PM_2.5

0.095

0.041

0.019

MetS

NDVI

0.93 (0.84, 1.04)

0.213

0.96 (0.86, 1.07)

0.462

−0.042

0.057

0.461

MetS

PM_2.5

1.16 (1.08, 1.24)

< 0.001

1.15 (1.07, 1.24)

< 0.001

0.121

0.040

0.003

MetS

NDVI^*PM_2.5

0.053

0.043

0.213