Table 2 Percentage distribution of women by body mass index according to background characteristics in Pakistan

Age of mothers

  15–19

14.0 [9.5–18.5]

59.9 [53.5–66.3]

21.8 [16.4–27.2]

4.3 [1.7–7.0]

193

  20–24

13.2 [10.7–15.7]

54.4 [50.3–57.7]

22.5 [19.4–25.5]

10.3 [8.1–12.6]

725

  25–29

7.9 [6.2–9.6]

40.5 [37.5–43.8]

33.4 [30.4–36.5]

18.0 [15.5–20.5]

918

  30–34

7.3 [5.5–9.1]

40.8 [37.4–44.1]

28.6 [25.7–31.9]

23.1 [20.2–26.0]

856

  35–39

6.1 [4.4–7.8]

34.1 [31.4–38.2]

30.6 [27.6–34.2]

28.3 [25.1–31.5]

736

  40–44

3.9 [2.2–5.7]

33.3 [29.4–37.9]

36.0 [31.7–40.3]

26.4 [22.5–30.4]

462

  45–49

5.5 [3.3–7.6]

29.0 [24.7–33.3]

35.3 [30.8–39.8]

30.1 [25.9–34.5]

454

Place of residence

  Urban

5.5[4.5–6.4]

33.3[31.3–35.3]

36.9[34.9–38.9]

24.3[22.5–26.1]

1654

  Rural

9.5[8.3–10.7]

45.4[43.3–47.5]

26.1[24.2–27.9]

19.0[17.4–20.7]

2690

Educational attainment mother

  No education

11.1 [9.8–12.4]

46.4 [44.4–48.5]

26.8 [25.0–28.6]

15.7 [14.2–17.1]

2125

  Primary

6.3 [4.4–8.3]

40.1 [36.1–44.1]

28.5 [24.8–32.1]

25.1 [21.6–28.6]

674

  Secondary

4.7 [3.2–6.2]

34.0 [30.7–37.3]

33.6 [30.3–36.9]

27.7 [24.6–30.8]

930

  Higher

3.7 [2.2–5.2]

32.3 [28.6–36.0]

38.8 [34.9–42.7]

25.1 [21.7–28.6]

615

Source of drinking water

  Piped water

6.5 [5.2–7.7]

37.6 [35.1–40.1]

33.3 [30.9–35.8]

22.6 [20.5–24.8]

1250

  Tube well/borewell

8.6 [7.4–9.9]

42.4 [40.2–44.6]

29.6 [27.6–31.6]

19.4 [17.6–21.2]

2336

  Protected well

8.7 [4.7–12.6]

41.8 [34.9–48.8]

31.8 [25.3–38.4]

17.7 [12.3–23.1]

84

  Unprotected well

25.7 [17.1–34.3]

35.5 [26.1–44.9]

25.5 [16.9–34.1]

13.3 [6.6–20.0]

52

  River/dam/springs

10.1 [6.1–14.1]

57.7 [51.2–64.2]

23.6 [18.0–29.2]

8.7 [4.9–12.4]

173

  Others

5.5 [3.4–7.6]

35.5 [31.1–39.9]

27.5 [23.4–31.6]

31.5 [27.2–35.7]

449

Type of fuel used for cooking

  Clean

4.4 3.6–5.3]

31.9 29.9–33.9]

36.0 34.0–38.1]

27.6 25.7–29.5]

2128

  Wood

11.5 10.0–12.9]

47.8 45.5–50.1]

26.3 24.3–28.4]

14.4 12.8–16.0]

1697

  Crop residual

13.5 6.1–20.9]

59.0 48.3–69.6]

18.7 10.3–27.2]

8.8 2.7–14.9]

139

  Animal dung

15.8 8.9–22.7]

63.8 54.7–72.9]

10.3 4.5–16.1]

10.1 4.4–15.8]

126

  Others

7.1 3.7–10.6]

47.1 40.4–53.9]

23.5 17.8–29.3]

22.2 16.6–27.9]

254

Current marital status of mother

  Currently married

8.0 [7.2–8.8]

40.6 [39.1–42.1]

30.4 [29.0–31.8]

21.0 [19.7–22.2]

4188

  Others

7.1 [2.9–11.2]

45.3 [37.2–53.3]

25.0 [17.9–32.0]

22.7 [15.9–29.5]

156

Sex of household H

  Male

8.2 [7.3–9.0]

39.9 [38.4–41.4]

30.5 [29.1–32.0]

21.4 [20.1–22.7]

3821

  Female

6.4 [4.1–8.7]

47.4 [42.7–52.1]

28.0 [23.7–32.2]

18.2 [14.5–21.8]

523

Type of toilet facilities

  Flush toilet

5.9[5.1–6.7]

37.1[35.5–38.7]

33.3[31.8–34.9]

23.7[22.3–25.1]

3498

  Pit latrine

15.5[10.9–20.0]

56.3[50.1–62.5]

17.0[12.3–21.7]

11.2[7.3–15.2]

200

  Open

20.7[17.0–24.4]

58.4[53.9–62.9]

16.6[13.2–20.0]

4.2[2.4–6.1]

468

  Other

6.8[3.0–10.7]

49.8[42.3–57.4]

19.1[13.2–25.0]

24.2[17.8–30.7]

179

Wealth quintile

  Poorest

19.5 [16.7–22.2]

57.4 [54.0–60.8]

16.2 [13.7–18.7]

6.9 [5.2–8.7]

740

  Poorer

8.6 [6.8–10.5]

50.4 [47.1–53.6]

25.8 [23.0–28.7]

15.2 [12.8–17.5]

866

  Middle

6.5 [4.8–8.3]

37.4 [34.0–40.8]

33.0 [29.7–36.3]

23.1 [20.1–26.0]

856

  Richer

4.8 [3.4–6.3]

36.4 [33.1–39.6]

32.8 [29.7–36.0]

26.0 [23.0–28.9]

898

  Richest

2.8 [1.8–3.8]

26.8 [24.1–29.6]

39.8 [36.7–42.9]

30.5 [27.7–33.4]

984

  Total

8.0 [7.2–8.8]

40.8 [39.3–42.3]

30.2 [28.8–31.6]

21.0 [19.8–22.2]

4344