Health-related selection into employment among the unemployed

Table 2 The association between different general aspects of health and finding any employment among unemployed Finnish men (n = 394,999) and women (n = 419,086) aged 30–60 in 2009–2018^a

	Model 1^a		Model 2^b		Model 3a^c
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Men
Any alcohol-related conditions, poisonings	0.45	(0.44,0.46)	0.52	(0.51,0.53)	0.53	(0.52,0.55)
Any psychiatric conditions, self-harm	0.64	(0.63,0.65)	0.69	(0.67,0.70)	0.69	(0.67,0.70)
Any injuries	0.82	(0.81,0.83)	0.85	(0.84,0.86)	0.92	(0.91,0.93)
Any physical conditions	0.89	(0.88,0.89)	0.88	(0.87,0.89)	0.90	(0.90,0.91)
Women
Any alcohol-related conditions, poisonings	0.39	(0.38, 0.41)	0.47	(0.45,0.48)	0.47	(0.46,0.49)
Any psychiatric conditions, self-harm	0.66	(0.65,0.67)	0.70	(0.69,0.71)	0.71	(0.70,0.72)
Any injuries	0.81	(0.80,0.82)	0.85	(0.84,0.86)	0.91	(0.90,0.92)
Any physical conditions	0.89	(0.88,0.89)	0.89	(0.88,0.89)	0.90	(0.90,0.91)

Abbreviations: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
^a Analyses conducted using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models; all p-values <.001. For the definitions of the general aspects of health, please see Measurements and Additional file 2
^b Model 1: Adjusted for age and unemployment onset year; each general aspect of health (any alcohol-related conditions, poisonings; any psychiatric conditions, self-harm; any injuries; any physical conditions) modelled separately
^c Model 2: Model 1 + native language, marital status, education, occupational status, number of individuals living in the same household, home ownership, region of residence, unemployment history, number of the unemployment spell, and for women, births over the two preceding years; each general aspect of health (any alcohol-related conditions, poisonings; any psychiatric conditions, self-harm; any injuries; any physical conditions) modelled separately
^d Model 3a: Model 2 + all general aspects of health (any alcohol-related conditions, poisonings; any psychiatric conditions, self-harm; any injuries; any physical conditions) modelled simultaneously

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