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Table 2 A modified Poisson regression of the relationship between IPSV and current smoking status

From: Association between experiences of intimate partner sexual violence and cigarette smoking among women in union in Papua New Guinea: evidence from a nationally representative survey

Predictors

Model ICrude RR (95%CI)

Model II Adjusted RR (95%CI)

Model III Adjusted RR (95%CI)

Model IV Adjusted RR (95%CI)

Experience sexual violence

 No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.33(1.18–1.50)***

1.24(1.09–1.43)**

1.24(1.08–1.42)**

1.24(1.08–1.42)**

Age groups (yrs)

 15–19

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 20–24

 

0.91(0.62–1.34)

0.90(0.61–1.34)

0.92(0.62–1.36)

 25–29

 

0.96(0.64–1.44)

0.96(0.64–1.46)

0.97(0.64–1.47)

 30–34

 

0.89(0.59–1.35)

0.89(0.58–1.36)

0.91(0.59–1.38)

 35–39

 

0.76(0.49–1.17)

0.76(0.49–1.18)

0.76(0.49–1.18)

 40–44

 

0.64(0.40–1.01)

0.63(0.39–1.00)

0.64(0.40–1.02)

 45–49

 

0.50(0.30–0.84)**

0.52(0.31–0.88)*

0.53(0.32–0.90)*

Region

 Southlands

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Highlands

 

1.47(1.21–1.79)***

1.48(1.23–1.81)***

1.47(1.20–1.80)***

 Momase

 

1.81(1.50–2.19)***

1.82(1.50–2.21)***

1.79(1.48–2.18)***

 Islands

 

1.40(1.14–1.72)**

1.40(1.14–1.73)**

1.40(1.13–1.72)**

Place of residence

 Rural

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Urban

 

1.51(1.28–1.77)***

1.42(1.20–1.70)***

1.31(1.09–1.58)**

Religion

 Christian

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Non-Christian

 

0.65(0.18–2.34)

0.69(0.19–2.52)

0.66(0.18–2.39)

 No religion

 

1.80(1.10–2.96)*

1.92(1.19–3.10)**

1.88(1.18–2.99)**

Highest education level

 No education

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

 

0.94(0.76–1.17)

0.93(0.75–1.16)

0.92(0.74–1.15)

 Secondary

 

1.11(0.82–1.49)

1.02(0.75–1.39)

1.03(0.75–1.41)

 Higher

 

1.04(0.66–1.62)

0.87(0.54–1.41)

1.00(0.61–1.65)

Literacy level

 Cannot read at all

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Able to read only parts of sentence

 

0.93(0.74–1.16)

0.91(0.72–1.15)

0.89(0.70–1.13)

 Able to read whole sentence

 

0.78(0.62–0.99)*

0.75(0.58–0.97)*

0.75(0.58–0.96)*

 No card with required language

 

0.60(0.23–1.56)

0.60(0.22–1.60)

0.61(0.23–1.64)

 Blind/visually impaired

 

2.17(0.37–12.75)

1.98(0.35–11.27)

1.89(0.30–12.01)

Marital status

 Married

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Co-habiting

 

0.96(0.81–1.14)

0.96(0.81–1.13)

1.01(0.85–1.37)

Currently residing with partner

    

 Living together

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Staying elsewhere

 

0.86(0.70–1.06)

0.86(0.70–1.06)

0.85(0.69–1.05)

Number of partner’s wives

 No other wife

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 1

 

1.16(0.96–1.39)

1.16(0.96–1.39)

1.14(0.94–1.37)

 2

 

0.96(0.65–1.43)

0.96(0.65–1.43)

1.01(0.68–1.50)

 3 or more

 

1.67(1.16–2.39)**

1.76(1.22–2.53)**

1.70(1.19–2.43)**

 Don’t know

 

1.08(0.66–1.77)

1.07(0.66–1.74)

1.04(0.64–1.68)

Partner’s age

 15–24

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 25–34

 

0.94(0.70–1.26)

0.96(0.71–1.29)

0.94(0.70–1.28)

 35–44

 

1.07(0.77–1.49)

1.10(0.79–1.54)

1.11(0.80–1.55)

 45 + 

 

1.14(0.80–1.64)

1.15(0.80–1.66)

1.14(0.79–1.64)

 55 + 

    

Partner’s educational level

 No education

 

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Primary

 

0.85(0.71–1.03)

0.86(0.71–1.04)

0.91(0.75–1.11)

 Secondary

 

0.94(0.75–1.16)

0.91(0.72–1.14)

0.94(0.74–1.18)

 Higher

 

0.90(0.66–1.24)

0.85(0.62–1.17)

0.91(0.66–1.25)

Insurance cover

 No

  

1.00

1.00

 Yes

  

0.89(0.62–1.28)

0.90(0.63–1.30)

Internet access

 No

  

1.00

1.00

 Yes

  

1.24(0.97–1.57)

1.28(1.00–1.63)

Ownership of mobile phone

 No

  

1.00

1.00

 Yes

  

1.00(0.85–1.18)

1.00(0.85–1.18)

Watch television

 No

  

1.00

1.00

 Yes

  

1.02(0.85–1.24)

1.05(0.86–1.27)

Listen to radio

 No

  

1.00

1.00

 Yes

  

1.18(0.99–1.40)

1.19(1.00–1.42)

Read newspapers/magazines

 No

  

1.00

1.00

 Yes

  

1.05(0.86–1.29)

1.03(0.84–1.27)

Occupation

 Not working

   

1.00

 Professional/technical/managerial

   

0.66(0.45–0.96)*

 Clerical

   

0.45(0.23–0.89)*

 Sales

   

1.22(0.94–1.59)

 Agricultural

   

0.74(0.60–0.91)**

 Services

   

1.07(0.86–1.33)

 Manual job

   

0.49(0.18–1.37)

Wealth index

 Poorest

   

1.00

 Poorer

   

1.05(0.85–1.30)

 Middle

   

0.75(0.59–0.95)*

 Richer

   

1.00(0.79–1.27)

 Richest

   

0.96(0.72–1.28)

Financial inclusion

 No

   

1.00

 Yes

   

1.14(0.94–1.39)

  1. RR Relative Risk
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001