Table 1 Structure of IPAQ-E and open-ended questions
Theme | Question | Scoring system |
|---|---|---|
Proximity | Many shops, stores, markets, or other places to buy things I need are within easy walking distance of my home. Would you say that you... | Four-point Likert response scales ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree, as well as don’t know or doesn’t apply response options, were used for all variables. |
It is within a 10–15-min walk to a transit stops (such as bus stop) from my home. Would you say that you... | ||
There are many places to go within easy walking distance of my home. Would you say that you... | ||
Availability/ variety | There are footpaths on most of the streets in my neighbourhood. Would you say that you... | |
There are facilities to bicycle in or near my neighbourhood, such as special lanes, separate paths or trails, shared use paths for cycles and pedestrians. Would you say that you... | ||
My neighbourhood has several free or low-cost recreation facilities, such as parks, walking trails, bike paths, recreation centres, playgrounds, public swimming pools, etc. Would you say that you... | ||
Safety | The crime rate in my neighbourhood makes it unsafe to go on walks during the day. Would you say that you... | |
The crime rate in my neighbourhood makes it unsafe to go on walks at night. Would you say that you... | ||
Traffic | There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to walk in my neighbourhood. Would you say that you... | |
There is so much traffic on the streets that it makes it difficult or unpleasant to ride a bicycle in my neighbourhood. Would you say that you... | ||
There are many four-way intersections in my neighbourhood. Would you say that you... | ||
Peer influence | I see many people being physically active in my neighbourhood doing things like walking, jogging, cycling, or playing sports and active games. Would you say that you... | |
Aesthetics/ maintenance | There are many interesting things to look at while walking in my neighbourhood. Would you say you... | |
The footpaths in my neighbourhood are well maintained (paved, with few cracks) and not obstructed. Would you say that you… | ||
Places for bicycling (such as bike paths) in and around my neighbourhood are well maintained and not obstructed. Would you say that you... | ||
In addition to the above, participants were requested to answer 3 open-ended questions (1. Are there any barriers towards you being physically active? 2. How has COVID-19 and government restrictions affected your physical activity? 3. Is there anything you wish to add that you think is relevant?) | ||