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Table 1 Characteristics of adult cancer survivors in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2018 by secondhand smoke exposure status

From: Association of secondhand smoke exposure with cardiometabolic health in never-smoking adult cancer survivors: a population-based cross-sectional study

 

No Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Never-Smoking Adult Cancer Survivors

(N = 591)

Secondhand

Smoke Exposure in Never-Smoking Adult Cancer Survivors

(N = 239)

P-valuea

Age, mean (SE), years

59.4 (0.58)

54.6 (1.13)

 < 0.001

Sex

  

0.015

 Male

52 (8.8)

27 (11.3)

 

 Female

539 (91.2)

212 (88.7)

 

Education level

  

0.462

 Elementary school

228 (38.7)

73 (30.5)

 

 Middle School

83 (14.1)

39 (16.3)

 

 High School

150 (25.5)

71 (29.7)

 

  ≥ College/University

128 (21.7)

56 (23.4)

 

Household income

  

0.045

 1Q

169 (28.6)

58 (24.3)

 

 2Q

137 (23.2)

71 (29.7)

 

 3Q

137 (23.2)

65 (27.2)

 

 4Q

148 (76.7)

45 (23.3)

 

Insurance type

  

0.003

 Self-employed insured

165 (27.9)

93 (38.9)

 

 Employee insured

397 (67.2)

139 (58.2)

 

 Medical aid

28 (4.7)

7 (2.9)

 

Marital status

  

0.01

 Married

582 (98.5)

231 (96.7)

 

 Single, widowed, divorced, separated

9 (1.5)

8 (3.4)

 

Residential area

  

0.599

 Urban/Metropolitan

419 (70.9)

175 (73.2)

 

 Rural

172 (29.1)

64 (26.8)

 

Occupation type

  

0.034

 Manager, professionals

64 (10.8)

35 (14.6)

 

 Manual labor

156 (26.4)

82 (34.3)

 

 Unemployed

371 (62.8)

122 (51.1)

 

Regular aerobic exerciseb

218 (36.9)

89 (37.2)

0.438

Muscle strengthening exercise

  

0.023

 None

489 (82.7)

179 (74.9)

 

 1–2 times per week

32 (5.4)

29 (12.1)

 

 3–4 times per week

36 (6.1)

10 (4.2)

 

  ≥ 5 times per week

34 (5.8)

21 (8.8)

 

Alcohol consumption

  

 < 0.001

 None

448 (75.8)

146 (61.1)

 

Habitual consumptionc

143 (24.2)

93 (38.9)

 

Total energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SE)

1021.5 (32.9)

1005.0 (51.2)

0.793

Cancer sites

   

 Gastric cancer

79 (13.4)

25 (10.5)

0.698

 Colorectal cancer

48 (8.1)

16 (6.7)

0.025

 Breast cancer

113 (19.1)

48 (20.1)

0.670

 Cervical cancer

93 (15.7)

42 (17.6)

0.309

 Thyroid cancer

169 (28.6)

65 (27.2)

0.820

 Other types

100 (16.9)

43 (18.0)

0.448

Family history of cardiovascular diseased

113 (19.1)

48 (20.1)

0.284

  1. Values above are presented as n (%) using unless otherwise specified
  2. Abbreviations: SE Standard Error, Q Quartile
  3. aComputed from survey regression for continuous variables and Rao-Scott F-adjusted chi-square test for categorical variables
  4. bEngaging in at least 1.25 to 2.5 h of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise per week
  5. cConsuming at least one standard drink (approximately 10.0 g of alcohol) in a month
  6. dFamily history of coronary heart disease or stroke
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