Table 1 Percentage of women covertly using reversible modern contraceptive methods by background characteristics, 2015–16
Background characteristics | Number of modern contraceptive users | % of covert users | Chi-square statistics | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Husband’s gender attitude | ||||
Highly egalitarian | 5299 | 23.4 | 102.7*** | 0.000 |
Moderately egalitarian | 1047 | 35.3 | ||
Low egalitarian | 1478 | 30.6 | ||
Couple’s concordance regarding more children | ||||
Yes | 6424 | 25.8 | ||
No | 1400 | 29.3 | 12.1** | 0.001 |
Religion | ||||
Hindu | 5239 | 27.3 | ||
Muslim | 1533 | 26.1 | 7.2* | 0.03 |
Other | 1052 | 18.3 | ||
Caste | ||||
SC/ST | 2391 | 28.6 | ||
OBC | 2570 | 26.6 | 78.2*** | 0.000 |
Other | 2315 | 23.0 | ||
Place of residence | ||||
Rural | 4823 | 29.6 | 57.1*** | |
Urban | 3001 | 22.1 | 0.000 | |
Wife’s education | ||||
Non-literate | 1439 | 26.7 | ||
Primary | 1009 | 31.1 | 96.2*** | 0.000 |
Secondary | 4068 | 27.8 | ||
Higher | 1398 | 18.3 | ||
Age difference | ||||
Wife same age or older | 584 | 23.6 | ||
Husband 1–3 years older | 2834 | 25.4 | 9.2* | 0.027 |
Husband 4–5 years older | 1830 | 26.3 | ||
Husband 6 + years older | 2576 | 27.7 | ||
Educational difference | ||||
No difference | 1972 | 26.0 | ||
Wife more educated | 2181 | 29.8 | 2.9 | 0.237 |
Husband more educated | 3671 | 24.8 | ||
Working status | ||||
No | 6369 | 25.4 | ||
Yes | 1455 | 30.6 | 5.0* | 0.026 |
Wealth index | ||||
Poor | 2163 | 36.4 | ||
Middle | 1528 | 27.6 | 235.7*** | 0.000 |
Rich | 4133 | 20.6 | ||
Number of living children | ||||
0 | 279 | 8.0 | ||
1 | 2277 | 26.4 | ||
2 | 3077 | 27.8 | 57.4*** | 0.000 |
3 + | 2191 | 27.2 | ||
Region | ||||
North | 2663 | 15.6 | ||
Northeast | 1456 | 33.7 | ||
East | 1179 | 38.4 | 481.2*** | 0.000 |
West | 564 | 28.7 | ||
South | 224 | 32.4 | ||
Central | 1738 | 17.1 | ||
Freedom to visit market | ||||
No | 3202 | 27.5 | ||
Yes | 4622 | 25.6 | 12.7*** | 0.000 |
Freedom to visit health facility | ||||
No | 3521 | 26.8 | ||
Yes | 4303 | 26.0 | 15.7*** | 0.000 |
Respondent has money to use alone | ||||
No | 4119 | 28.0 | 11.1** | 0.001 |
Yes | 3705 | 24.9 | ||