Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers of natural disaster preparedness among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan

Bhandari, Aliza K. C.; Takahashi, Osamu

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12844-3

Table 2 Proportion of knowledge, attitude and disaster preparedness practice among Nepali immigrants in Japan

From: Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers of natural disaster preparedness among Nepalese immigrants residing in Japan

	Proportion
	Poor knowledge	Good knowledge	Poor attitude	Good attitude	Bad practice	Good practice
Age group
19–25	0.14	0.22	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.12
26–35	0.39	0.41	0.40	0.39	0.40	0.31
36–45	0.32	0.34	0.32	0.32	0.31	0.44
46 +	0.15	0.04	0.12	0.14	0.13	0.13
p-value	0.044*		0.882		0.773
Sex
Male	0.61	0.69	0.67	0.59	0.63	0.63
Female	0.39	0.37	0.33	0.41	0.37	0.37
p-value	0.216		0.089		0.992
Education
\(\le\) SEE	0.19	0.12	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.06
+ 2 completed	0.46	0.41	0.47	0.44	0.46	0.31
\(\ge\) Bachelors completed	0.35	0.47	0.35	0.38	0.36	0.63
p-value	0.115		0.771		0.081
Religion
Hindu	0.81	0.89	0.84	0.81	082	0.88
Non-Hindus	0.19	0.11	0.16	0.19	0.18	0.12
p-value	0.085		0.381		0.578
Province in Nepal
Province 1	0.07	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.13
Province 2	0.08	0.08	0.11	0.06	0.09	0.00
Province 3	0.39	0.53	0.44	0.39	0.41	0.63
Province 4	0.23	0.15	0.17	0.26	0.22	0.06
Province 5	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.17	0.16	0.06
Province 6	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.06
Province 7	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.06
p-value^#	0.463		0.310		0.073
Region in Japan
Hokkaido	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00
Tohoku	0.04	0.00	0.01	0.05	0.03	0.00
Kanto	0.65	0.64	0.68	0.62	0.65	0.63
Chubu	0.10	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.00
Kansai	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.08	007	0.00
Chugoku	0.03	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.00
Shikoku	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.04	0.03	0.12
Kyushu	0.06	0.14	0.10	0.06	0.07	0.25
p-value^#	0.186		0.179		0.074
Type of visa
Student	0.22	0.32	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.31
Cook	0.18	0.15	0.16	0.18	0.18	0.13
Business	0.17	0.07	0.16	0.14	0.16	0.06
Dependent	0.27	0.26	0.26	0.28	0.27	0.19
Others	0.16	0.20	0.18	0.16	0.16	0.31
p-value	0.084		0.922		0.410
Period of stay in Japan (in years)
< 5	0.44	0.47	0.46	0.43	0.45	0.31
\(\ge\) 5	0.56	0.53	0.54	0.57	0.55	0.69
p-value	0.633		0.535		0.265
Work status
Working	0.95	0.86	0.94	0.93	0.94	0.81
Not working	0.05	0.14	0.06	0.07	0.06	0.19
p-value^#	0.015^#		0.842		0.076
Marital status
Single/ Divorced	0.24	0.38	0.24	0.29	0.27	0.25
Married	0.76	0.62	0.76	0.71	0.73	0.75
p-value	0.014*		0.268		0.891
Past exposure to natural disaster
Yes	0.28	0.28	0.30	0.27	0.28	0.31
No	0.72	0.72	0.70	0.73	0.72	0.69
p-value	0.985		0.626		0.801
Language preferred to access KAP
At least some level of Japanese	0.06	0.16	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.19
English and/or Nepali	0.93	0.78	0.91	0.89	0.91	0.75
Language doesn’t matter	0.01	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.06
p-value	0.001**		0.648		0.110
Barriers in accessing KAP of natural disaster preparedness
Language barrier
Yes	0.60	0.42	0.44	0.56	0.43	0.50
No	0.40	0.58	0.42	0.58	0.57	0.50
p-value	0.004**		0.603		0.568
Information deficit
Yes	0.44	0.38	0.39	0.47	0.43	0.38
No	0.56	0.62	0.61	0.53	0.57	0.62
p-value	0.338		0.111		0.661
Not having enough time
Yes	0.36	0.42	0.40	0.34	0.37	0.31
No	0.64	0.58	0.60	0.66	0.63	0.69
p-value	0.323		0.239		0.634
Work pressure
Yes	0.10	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.10	0.13
No	0.90	0.88	0.89	0.91	0.90	0.87
p-value	0.526		0.487		0.751
Other barriers
Yes	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.00
No	0.98	0.96	0.99	0.97	0.98	0.10
p-value^#	0.165		0.286		1.000
Preferred source of information of natural disaster preparedness
Newspaper
Yes	0.16	0.30	0.22	0.15	0.18	0.44
No	0.84	0.70	0.78	0.85	0.82	0.56
p-value	0.006**		0.051		0.008**
Television
Yes	0.34	0.49	0.38	0.36	0.36	0.56
No	0.66	0.51	0.62	0.64	0.64	0.44
p-value	0.020*		0.724		0.101
Family and relatives
Yes	0.45	0.45	0.41	0.48	0.45	0.38
No	0.55	0.55	0.59	0.52	0.55	0.62
p-value	0.994		0.142		0.562
Cellphone
Yes	0.52	0.38	0.48	0.50	0.49	0.56
No	0.48	0.62	0.52	0.50	0.51	0.44
p-value	0.026*		0.686		0.582
Facebook
Yes	0.80	0.89	0.83	0.80	0.82	0.81
No	0.20	0.11	0.17	0.20	0.18	0.19
p-value	0.065		0.455		0.964
YouTube
Yes	0.28	0.43	0.36	0.26	0.30	0.56
No	0.72	0.57	0.64	0.74	0.70	0.44
p-value	0.011*		0.026*		0.025*
Twitter
Yes	0.33	0.46	0.35	0.36	0.35	0.56
No	0.67	0.54	0.65	0.64	0.65	0.44
p-value	0.036*		0.774		0.075
Perceived knowledge level
Poor knowledge	NA	NA	0.47	0.53	0.97	0.03
Good Knowledge	NA	NA	0.57	0.43	0.92	0.08
p-value	NA		0.116		0.043*

SEE = secondary education examination (standard terminology used for final examination of 10^th grade in Nepal), + 2 completed = equivalent to the degree of high school graduates, KAP = Knowledge, Attitude and Practice, p-value = obtained from chi-square test, p-value^# = p-value obtained from fisher’s exact test
NA = Not Available, the variable being the outcome variable for the chi-square test
^* = p-value < 0.05, ** = p-value < 0.01, ^# = p-value^# < 0.05

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