Table 4 Multivariable regression analyses of association of survey year and school connectedness items with mental health difficulties and life satisfaction (Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals)

Teacher relationships (OR; 95% CI)

0.88

(0.83 to 0.94)

p < 0.001

0.92

(0.85 to 1.01)

p = 0.07

1.09

(1.03 to 1.16)

p = 0.003

Pupil relationships (OR; 95% CI)

0.78

(0.70 to 0.88)

p < 0.001

0.80

(0.71 to 0.92)

p = 0.001

1.23

(1.14 to 1.33)

p < 0.001

Pupil involvement (OR; 95% CI)

0.96

(0.89 to 1.05)

p = 0.39

1.02

(0.95 to 1.09)

p = 0.58

1.15

(1.10 to 1.20)

p < 0.001

Time (2021 vs 2019) (OR; 95% CI)

2.01

(1.51 to 2.68)

p < 0.001

1.22

(0.84 to 1.77)

p = 0.28

0.72

(0.57 to 0.91)

p = 0.007