Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018

Wang, Qun; Cao, Huiyuan; Zhang, Shuo

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12739-3

Table 2 Descriptive sample characteristics II

From: Trends of and factors associated with access to residential toilets among the middle-aged and elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018

	2015					2018
	Entire sample		No toilet sample		P value	Entire sample		No toilet sample		P Value
	N(7)	%	N(8)	(8)/(7)	P value	N(5)	%	N(6)	(6)/(5)	P Value
Gender					0.639					0.396
Male	6015	46.60	1312	21.81		5191	46.60	1243	23.95
Female	6893	53.40	1480	21.47		6125	53.40	1425	23.27
Missing	1	0.01
Age					< 0.001					< 0.001
45–59	5652	43.78	1129	40.44		4030	35.61	867	21.51
60–69	4258	32.98	918	21.56		4336	38.32	1060	24.45
70 and above	2999	23.23	745	24.84		2950	26.07	741	25.12
Education Level					0.107					< 0.001
Illiterate	3863	29.92	853	22.08		3372	29.80	880	26.10
Primary or middle school	7627	59.08	1644	21.56		7267	64.22	1658	22.82
High school or above	727	5.63	135	18.57		677	5.98	130	19.20
Missing	692	5.36	160	23.12
Marital status					< 0.001					0.037
Married	11,039	85.51	2290	20.74		9429	83.32	2188	23.21
Divorced/widowed/never married	1869	14.48	502	26.86		1887	16.68	480	25.44
Missing	1	0.001
Region					< 0.001					< 0.001
Northeastern	666	5.16	404	60.66		590	5.21	372	63.05
Western	4322	33.48	924	21.38		3779	33.40	986	26.09
Central	3697	28.64	694	18.77		3267	28.87	650	19.90
Eastern	4224	32.72	770	18.23		3680	32.52	660	17.93
Having running water					< 0.001					< 0.001
No	3675	28.47	1108	30.15		2626	23.21	997	37.97
Yes	9232	71.52	1684	18.24		8688	76.78	1671	19.23
Ming	2	0.02	0	0		2	0.02	0	0
Household size					< 0.001					< 0.001
Living alone	679	5.26	229	33.73		541	4.78	178	32.90
2–4 people	10,401	80.57	2285	21.97		9149	80.85	2171	23.73
5 people and above	1829	14.17	278	15.20		1626	14.37	319	19.62
SES					< 0.001					< 0.001
Lowest 25%	3229	25.01	795	24.62		2832	25.03	803	28.35
Lower 25%	3226	24.99	739	22.91		2830	25.01	698	24.66
Higher 25%	3227	25.00	642	19.89		2825	24.96	622	22.02
Highest 25%	3227	25.00	616	19.09		2829	25.00	545	19.26
ADL					< 0.001					0.002
No ADL disability	11,948	92.56	2534	21.21		10,378	91.71	2408	23.20
With ADL disability	961	7.44	258	26.85		938	8.29	260	27.72
Self-reported health					< 0.001					< 0.001
Good	2748	21.44	548	19.94		2353	20.8	532	22.61
Fair	6343	49.14	1269	20.01		5175	45.73	1,150	22.22
Poor	3117	24.15	805	25.83		3293	29.1	882	26.78
Missing	701	5.43	170	24.25		495	4.37	104	21.01

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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