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Table 1 Associations between maternal sociodemographic characteristics and stillbirth rates in Baoan, Shenzhen, 2010–2019

From: Stillbirth trends by maternal sociodemographic characteristics among a large internal migrant population in Shenzhen, China, over a 10-year period: a retrospective study

 

Number of births (%)a

Stillbirths per 1000 births (‰)b

AOR (95% CI)c

P value

Total

492,184 (100.0)

2228 (4.5)

–

–

Year of delivery

 2010

42,057 (8.5)

190 (4.5)

reference

–

 2011

46,923 (9.5)

226 (4.8)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

0.226

 2012

55,288 (11.2)

240 (4.4)

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

0.08

 2013

47,118 (9.6)

190 (4.0)

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

< 0.001

 2014

50,334 (10.2)

236 (4.7)

1.8 (1.5–2.2)

< 0.001

 2015

46,093 (9.4)

215 (4.7)

1.8 (1.5–2.2)

< 0.001

 2016

51,542 (10.5)

214 (4.2)

1.7 (1.4–2.1)

< 0.001

 2017

52,997 (10.8)

207 (3.9)

1.6 (1.3–1.9)

< 0.001

 2018

49,235 (10.0)

252 (5.1)

2.1 (1.7–2.6)

< 0.001

 2019

50,597 (10.3)

258 (5.1)

1.8 (1.4–2.2)

< 0.001

Maternal age (year)

  ≤ 15

362 (0.1)

8 (22.1)

4.1 (2.0–8.4)

< 0.001

 16–20

21,753 (4.4)

190 (8.7)

1.7 (1.5–2.0)

< 0.001

 21–35

429,538 (87.3)

1790 (4.2)

reference

–

  ≥ 36

40,531 (8.2)

240 (5.9)

1.4 (1.2–1.6)

< 0.001

Maternal education

 Primary school and below

8699 (1.7)

62 (7.1)

2.0 (1.5–2.7)

< 0.001

 Middle school

141,100 (28.7)

749 (5.3)

1.7 (1.5–2.0)

< 0.001

 High school

211,654 (43.0)

1042 (4.9)

1.6 (1.4–1.8)

< 0.001

 College and above

130,731 (26.6)

375 (2.9)

reference

–

Migration status

 Permanent population

64,439 (13.1)

180 (2.8)

reference

–

 Temporary population

293,842 (59.7)

1286 (4.4)

1.4 (1.2–1.7)

< 0.001

 Floating population

133,903 (27.2)

763 (5.7)

1.5 (1.3–1.9)

< 0.001

GDP group of maternal birthplaced

 <  Q1

60,961 (12.4)

375 (6.2)

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

< 0.01

 Q1 – <   Q2

63,881 (13.0)

302 (4.7)

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

0.064

 Q3 – <   Q4

252,881 (51.4)

1038 (4.1)

1.3 (0.9–1.8)

0.124

  ≥ Q4

10,687 (2.2)

35 (3.3)

reference

–

 Missing

1019 (0.2)

8 (7.9)

–

–

Time of first visit

 First trimester

375,699 (76.3)

1464 (3.9)

reference

–

 Second trimester

62,472 (12.7)

377 (6.0)

1.2 (1.1–1.4)

< 0.001

 Third trimester

54,013 (11.0)

387 (7.2)

1.3 (1.2–1.5)

< 0.01

Prenatal care utilization ratee

  < 50%

185,832 (37.8)

1090 (5.9)

2.7 (2.3–3.0)

< 0.001

 50% – <  80%

175,929 (35.7)

498 (2.8)

reference

–

 80% – <  110%

53,552 (10.9)

210 (3.9)

1.6 (1.3–1.9)

< 0.001

  ≥ 110%

76,871 (15.6)

430 (5.6)

2.6 (2.3–2.9)

< 0.001

  1. aDistributions of maternal characteristics among the whole study population were calculated by the number of births with women in each subcategory divided by the total number of births, 492,184
  2. bOverall and subtype stillbirth rates were calculated by the number of third trimester stillbirths (foetal deaths ≥28 weeks or birth weight ≥ 1000 g) divided by the number of births in each maternal subcategory
  3. cAOR, adjusted odds ratio of risk factors in the multivariable binomial logistic regression model, after removing 1019 records due to missing values in any risk factor
  4. dThe GDP per capita group of maternal birthplaces is generated by classifying maternal birthplaces by the average GDP per capita during 2010 and 2019
  5. eThe prenatal care utilization rate is defined as the ratio between the actual number of visits and the recommended number
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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