| Number of births (%)a | Stillbirths per 1000 births (‰)b | AOR (95% CI)c | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 492,184 (100.0) | 2228 (4.5) | – | – |
Year of delivery | ||||
 2010 | 42,057 (8.5) | 190 (4.5) | reference | – |
 2011 | 46,923 (9.5) | 226 (4.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.226 |
 2012 | 55,288 (11.2) | 240 (4.4) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.08 |
 2013 | 47,118 (9.6) | 190 (4.0) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | < 0.001 |
 2014 | 50,334 (10.2) | 236 (4.7) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | < 0.001 |
 2015 | 46,093 (9.4) | 215 (4.7) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | < 0.001 |
 2016 | 51,542 (10.5) | 214 (4.2) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | < 0.001 |
 2017 | 52,997 (10.8) | 207 (3.9) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.001 |
 2018 | 49,235 (10.0) | 252 (5.1) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | < 0.001 |
 2019 | 50,597 (10.3) | 258 (5.1) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | < 0.001 |
Maternal age (year) | ||||
  ≤ 15 | 362 (0.1) | 8 (22.1) | 4.1 (2.0–8.4) | < 0.001 |
 16–20 | 21,753 (4.4) | 190 (8.7) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | < 0.001 |
 21–35 | 429,538 (87.3) | 1790 (4.2) | reference | – |
  ≥ 36 | 40,531 (8.2) | 240 (5.9) | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | < 0.001 |
Maternal education | ||||
 Primary school and below | 8699 (1.7) | 62 (7.1) | 2.0 (1.5–2.7) | < 0.001 |
 Middle school | 141,100 (28.7) | 749 (5.3) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | < 0.001 |
 High school | 211,654 (43.0) | 1042 (4.9) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | < 0.001 |
 College and above | 130,731 (26.6) | 375 (2.9) | reference | – |
Migration status | ||||
 Permanent population | 64,439 (13.1) | 180 (2.8) | reference | – |
 Temporary population | 293,842 (59.7) | 1286 (4.4) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | < 0.001 |
 Floating population | 133,903 (27.2) | 763 (5.7) | 1.5 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.001 |
GDP group of maternal birthplaced | ||||
 <  Q1 | 60,961 (12.4) | 375 (6.2) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | < 0.01 |
 Q1 – <   Q2 | 63,881 (13.0) | 302 (4.7) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.064 |
 Q3 – <   Q4 | 252,881 (51.4) | 1038 (4.1) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 0.124 |
  ≥ Q4 | 10,687 (2.2) | 35 (3.3) | reference | – |
 Missing | 1019 (0.2) | 8 (7.9) | – | – |
Time of first visit | ||||
 First trimester | 375,699 (76.3) | 1464 (3.9) | reference | – |
 Second trimester | 62,472 (12.7) | 377 (6.0) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < 0.001 |
 Third trimester | 54,013 (11.0) | 387 (7.2) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | < 0.01 |
Prenatal care utilization ratee | ||||
  < 50% | 185,832 (37.8) | 1090 (5.9) | 2.7 (2.3–3.0) | < 0.001 |
 50% – <  80% | 175,929 (35.7) | 498 (2.8) | reference | – |
 80% – <  110% | 53,552 (10.9) | 210 (3.9) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) | < 0.001 |
  ≥ 110% | 76,871 (15.6) | 430 (5.6) | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) | < 0.001 |