Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) experiences and release plans among federally incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) in Ontario, Canada: a mixed-methods study

Table 3 Substance use and treatment characteristics of study sample (N = 46)

Characteristic	% (n)
Severity of substance use at admission^b
Moderate/Severe^d	84% (36 of 43)
History of polysubstance use^b	57% (26)
History of injection drug use	50% (23)
Lifetime^b	50% (23)
30 days prior to incarceration	37% (17)
Non-OAT substance use services used (30 days prior to incarceration)^a
Harm reduction services	46% (21)
Outpatient treatment	17% (8)
Support groups	15% (7)
Inpatient treatment	9% (4)
Engagement in OAT (30 days prior to incarceration)	44% (20)
Type(s) of OAT (30 days prior to incarceration)^ac
Methadone	95% (19 of 20)
Buprenorphine-naloxone	5% (1 of 20)
Both Methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone	10% (2 of 20)
Hydromorphone	5% (1 of 20)
Entered CSC on OAT	39% (18)
Type(s) of OAT during CSC incarceration^b
Methadone	67% (31)
Buprenorphine-naloxone	33% (15)

^aResponses not mutually exclusive
^bData acquired from CSC
^cResponses out of n = 20 participants who indicated they had been engaged in OAT 30 days prior
^dResponses out of n = 43 participants who had this data; Severity of substance use is determined using CASA. Harm reduction category includes use of either needle exchange, safer use kits, naloxone kits, etc.; Outpatient treatment category includes either group therapy, one-on-one therapy/counseling, relapse prevention; Inpatient treatment category includes residential treatment, rehabilitation, detoxification/withdrawal management; Support groups include self-help or mutual aid groups such as alcoholics anonymous, narcotics anonymous, etc.

ISSN: 1471-2458