Table 2 Bivariate association of selected risk factors with disability status
Characteristic | Total | Chronic illness with | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
At least one disability n (%) | No disability n (%) | |||
Demographic | ||||
 Religion | ||||
  Muslim | 29,001 | 5186 (17.88) | 23,815 (82.12) | 0.0031 |
  Non-muslim | 3767 | 748 (19.86) | 3019 (80.14) | |
 Coastal region | ||||
  Coastal exposed | 3597 | 729 (20.27) | 2868 (79.73) | 0.0004 |
  Non-exposeda | 29,171 | 5205 (17.84) | 23,966 (82.16) | |
 Gender | ||||
  Male | 14,624 | 2652 (18.13) | 11,972 (81.87) | 0.9145 |
  Female | 18,144 | 3282 (18.09) | 14,862 (81.91) | |
 Residence | ||||
  Rural | 23,070 | 4389 (19.02) | 18,681 (80.98) | < 0.0001 |
  Urban | 9698 | 1545 (15.93) | 8153 (84.07) | |
 Age group | ||||
  Childhood (≤19 years) | 2662 | 303 (11.38) | 2359 (88.62) | < 0.0001 |
  Young adult (20–39 years) | 9497 | 655 (6.90) | 8842 (93.10) | |
  Middle aged (40–64 years) | 15,219 | 2714 (17.83) | 12,505 (82.17) | |
  Senior aged (65–84 years) | 4872 | 1934 (39.70) | 2938 (60.30) | |
  Old senior aged (≥85 years) | 518 | 328 (63.32) | 190 (36.68) | |
 Marital status | ||||
  Married | 25,413 | 3996 (15.72) | 21,417 (84.28) | < 0.0001 |
  Unmarried | 3280 | 449 (13.69) | 2831 (86.31) | |
  Others | 4075 | 1489 (36.54) | 2586 (63.46) | |
Socio-economic | ||||
 Education level | ||||
  No education | 14,885 | 3639 (24.45) | 11,246 (75.55) | < 0.0001 |
  Primary | 8125 | 1173 (14.44) | 6952 (85.56) | |
  Secondary | 7665 | 880 (11.48) | 6785 (88.52) | |
  Higher secondary | 1109 | 129 (11.63) | 980 (88.37) | |
  Higher education | 984 | 113 (11.48) | 871 (88.52) | |
 Income earner | ||||
  Yes | 12,338 | 1590 (12.89) | 10,748 (87.11) | < 0.0001 |
  No | 20,430 | 4344 (21.26) | 16,086 (78.74) | |
 Wealth quintile | ||||
  Poorest | 5530 | 1155 (20.89) | 4375 (79.11) | < 0.0001 |
  Poorer | 6380 | 1189 (18.64) | 5191 (81.36) | |
  Middle | 7079 | 1261 (17.81) | 5818 (82.19) | |
  Richer | 7222 | 1262 (17.47) | 5960 (82.53) | |
  Richest | 6557 | 1067 (16.27) | 5490 (83.73) | |
Medical/Health | ||||
 Sought medical treatment | ||||
  Yes | 9997 | 1960 (19.61) | 8037 (80.39) | < 0.0001 |
  No | 22,771 | 3974 (17.45) | 18,797 (82.55) | |
 Treatment from healthcare provider | ||||
  No treatment/consultancy | 22,771 | 3974 (17.45) | 18,797 (82.55) | < 0.0001 |
  Public | 1919 | 406 (21.16) | 1513 (78.84) | |
  Private | 5277 | 1046 (19.82) | 4231 (80.18) | |
  Pharmacy/Dispensary | 2376 | 427 (17.97) | 1949 (82.03) | |
  Traditional | 298 | 52 (17.45) | 246 (82.55) | |
  Others | 127 | 29 (22.83) | 98 (77.17) | |