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Table 4 The estimated effect of county-level SDoH on the opioid death rate across two specifications

From: The relationship between Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) and death from cardiovascular disease or opioid use in counties across the United States (2009–2018)

 

Coefficient

Robust Standard Error

Coefficient

Robust Standard Error

 

(1)

(2)

Socio-economic context

ACS_PCT_FEMALE

-2.97943*

1.520326

-0.1038778

1.38789

ACS_MEDIAN_AGE

-1.561816

1.06467

-1.818271**

0.9173134

ACS_PCT_BLACK

-0.0260737

0.6232132

-0.8427783

0.6334552

ACS_PCT_WHITE

-0.0427271

0.1831953

0.0736518

0.1366791

ACS_PCT_HISPAN

-0.8499315

0.547428

-0.7622937*

0.4591811

ACS_PCT_ASIAN

-0.7129578

0.7763505

-0.3583486

0.700493

ACS_PCT_BACHELOR_DGR

0.828501

0.7093535

-0.0352932

0.6007481

ACS_MEDIAN_HH_INCOME

-0.0002196

0.0002075

-0.0002722*

0.0001616

ACS_PCT_PERSON_INC99

0.9581279***

0.3668685

0.3505055

0.3763996

ACS_PCT_UNEMPLOY

0.2896208

0.4403138

-1.001564

0.6353915

ACS_PCT_GRP_QRT

0.2479495

1.175182

0.3511598

0.9632748

ACS_PCT_VA

-1.593724*

0.8986767

-1.352879*

0.8021658

ACS_PCT_ARMED_FORCES

1.086618

0.6898298

-0.6789627

0.4940171

Healthcare context

AHRF_FED_HLTH_CNT

0.0510922

0.0335136

0.0419603

0.0328061

AHRF_RURAL_H_CLINIC

-0.0076559

0.3444708

0.3126213

0.226519

Physical infrastructure context

ACS_TOTAL_HOUSEHOLD

0.0000531

0.0000475

0.0000125

0.0000367

ACS_PCT_RENTED_HH

-0.1175498

0.3768721

-0.2319311

0.3980847

ACS_PCT_MOBILE_HOME

1.157881*

0.5888022

0.9330352

0.6705346

County Fixed Effects

Yes

Yes

Year Fixed Effects

Yes

Yes

State-by-Year Fixed Effects

No

Yes

  1. Note: *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. Robust standard errors clustered at the county level