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Table 4 Regression of mediating variables on informal caregiving, Women only sample

From: Gender differences in the relationship between informal caregiving and subjective health: the mediating role of health promoting behaviors

Estimation model: GEE

No

smoking at t + 1

No binge drinking at t + 1

Exercise at t + 1

Health check-up at t + 1

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Panel A. Health satisfaction

Change in informal caregiving between t and t + 1 (Ref: No to No)

 Started CG (No to Yes)

0.003

-0.003

-0.561***

-0.020

[-0.010,0.016]

[-0.019,0.013]

[-0.784,-0.339]

[-0.074,0.034]

 Stopped CG (Yes to No)

0.006

0.007*

-0.117

-0.029

[-0.006,0.017]

[0.000,0.013]

[-0.345,0.110]

[-0.075,0.016]

 Continued CG (Yes to Yes)

-0.008

-0.008

-0.740***

-0.046

[-0.034,0.017]

[-0.036,0.020]

[-1.166,-0.314]

[-0.156,0.063]

 N

5418

5418

5418

5418

 Observations

24,135

24,135

24,135

24,135

Panel B. Self-reported health

Change in informal caregiving between t and t + 1 (Ref: No to No)

 Started CG (No to Yes)

0.003

-0.003

-0.561***

-0.019

[-0.010,0.016]

[-0.019,0.013]

[-0.783,-0.338]

[-0.074,0.035]

 Stopped CG (Yes to No)

0.006

0.007*

-0.116

-0.029

[-0.006,0.017]

[0.000,0.013]

[-0.344,0.111]

[-0.074,0.017]

 Continued CG (Yes to Yes)

-0.008

-0.008

-0.740***

-0.046

[-0.034,0.017]

[-0.036,0.020]

[-1.165,-0.314]

[-0.155,0.064]

 N

5419

5419

5419

5419

 Observations

24,148

24,148

24,148

24,148

  1. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
  2. Note. Robust standard errors were used. In the models, survey years were adjusted for. Time-constant control variables include gender, age, education, and number of children. Time-varying control variables include marital status, household size, household income, home owner, economic activity, region of residence, and number of chronic diseases. GEE Generalized Estimating Equation, CG Caregiver