Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants^a

Number (%)

10,920

5194 (47.6)

5726 (52.4)

Male, No. (%)

4613 (42.2)

1955 (37.6)

2658 (46.4)

<0.001

Age, mean (SD), years

59.3 (8.9)

56.1 (8.8)

62.2 (7.9)

<0.001

WC, mean (SD), cm

86.8 (9.5)

86.3 (9.4)

87.2 (9.6)

<0.001

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²

26.4 (3.4)

26.4 (3.4)

26.4 (3.4)

0.650

SBP, mean (SD), mmHg

163.9 (19.9)

164.1 (20.2)

166.2 (19.3)

<0.001

DBP, mean (SD), mmHg

90.9 (12.2)

91.7 (12.2)

90.2 (12.2)

<0.001

Fasting glucose, mean (SD), mmol/L

6.6 (2.0)

6.4 (1.8)

6.7 (2.1)

<0.001

TC, mean (SD), mmol/L

4.92 (1.18)

4.85 (1.17)

4.98 (1.18)

<0.001

HDL-C, mean (SD), mmol/L

1.34 (0.44)

1.33 (0.45)

1.35 (0.44)

0.073

TG, mean (SD), mmol/L

1.71 (0.97)

1.73 (1.00)

1.69 (0.95)

0.287

LDL-C, mean (SD), mmol/L

2.78 (0.97)

2.71 (0.95)

2.84 (0.99)

<0.001

Household income, No. (%), Yuan/year

<0.001

 <10,000

1860 (17.0)

703 (13.5)

1157 (20.2)

 10000-50000

5965 (54.6)

2857 (55.0)

3108 (54.3)

 ≥50,000

3095 (28.4)

1634 (31.5)

1461 (25.5)

Education, No. (%)

<0.001

 Primary or lower

6152 (56.3)

2655 (51.1)

3497 (61.1)

 Secondary school

4358 (39.9)

2287 (44.0)

2071 (36.2)

 College or above

410 (3.8)

252 (4.9)

158 (2.7)

Current smoker, No. (%)

2422 (22.2)

980 (18.9)

1442 (25.2)

<0.001

Alcohol drinker, No. (%)

3214 (29.4)

1401 (27.0)

1813 (31.7)

<0.001

Physical activity level, mean (SD), MET-h/d

16.8 (13.8)

18.6 (14.4)

15.1 (13.1)

<0.001

Sedentary leisure time, mean (SD), h/d

1.9 (1.2)

1.9 (1.2)

1.9 (1.2)

0.562

CIMT, mean (SD), mm

0.7 (0.3)

0.6 (0.1)

0.8 (0.3)

<0.001