Table 2 Univariable analysis of factors associated with STH, S. haematobium or malaria
Factor | Number examined (%) | Univariable logistic regression [OR (95%CI); p-value] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STH combined (n = 30) | Hookworm (n = 28) | S. haematobium (n = 20) | Malaria (n = 26) | ||
Demographic characteristics | |||||
 Age groups | |||||
  20 years and below | 100 (18.7%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  21–30 years | 220 (41.2%) | 1.63, p = 0.362 | 1.63, p = 0.362 | 0.84, p = 0.345 | 0.60, p = 0.496 |
  31–40 years | 149 (27.9%) | 1.91, p = 0.210 | 1.73, p = 0.204 | 0.32, p = 0.172 | 0.31, p = 0.020* |
  41–50 years | 65 (12.2%) | 0.38, p = 0.314 | – | – | 0.55, p = 0.316 |
Pregnancy factors | |||||
 Currently pregnant | 77 (14.5%) | 0.94, p = 0.899 | 1.03, p = 0.954 | 2.69, p = 0.007* | 3.40, p = 0.000* |
 Age when first pregnant | |||||
   < 18 years | 127 (27.2%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  18–25 years | 321 (68.7%) | 0.69, p = 0.450 | 0.73, p = 0.623 | 1.20, p = 0.824 | 1.13, p = 0.686 |
   > 25 years | 19 (4.1%) | – | – | 1.71, p = 0.090 | 1.12, p = 0.868 |
 Number of pregnancies | |||||
  One | 61 (13.1%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  Two | 67 (14.4%) | 0.91, p = 0.737 | 0.91, p = 0.737 | 0.69, p = 0.771 | 0.49, p = 0.307 |
  More than two | 339 (72.6%) | 2.25, p = 0.106 | 2.05, p = 0.171 | 0.43, p = 0.279 | 0.31, p = 0.008* |
Bednet use and ownership | |||||
 Net ownership | 58 (87.8%) | – | – | 0.67, p = 0.797 | 0.41, p = 0.318 |
 Net usage |  |  |  |  |  |
  Always | 56 (96.6%) | – | – | 0.08, p = 0.202 | – |
  Sometimes | 2 (3.5%) | Reference |  |  |  |
Individual WASH factors | |||||
 Handwash after helping child defecate | |||||
  Always | 372 (69.7%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  Sometimes | 140 (26.2%) | 1.06, p = 0.928 | 0.98, p = 0.968 | 3.47, p = 0.006* | 1.96, p = 0.160 |
  Never | 22 (4.1%) | 1.76, p = 0.657 | 1.85, p = 0.641 | 4.51, p = 0.106 | 2.55, p = 0.021* |
 Handwash before preparing food | |||||
  Always | 370 (69.3%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  Sometimes | 114 (21.4%) | 1.32, p = 0.605 | 0.97, p = 0.947 | 2.15, p = 0.071 | 1.37, p = 0.559 |
  Never | 50 (9.4%) | 0.73, p = 0.757 | 0.73, p = 0.757 | 1.38, p = 0.542 | 0.87, p = 0.814 |
 Handwash after toilet use | |||||
  Always | 471 (88.2%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  Sometimes | 48 (8.9%) | 0.74, p = 0.769 | 0.38, p = 0.326 | 1.09, p = 0.910 | 0.81, p = 0.629 |
  Never | 15 (2.8%) | 2.63, p = 0.267 | 2.74, p = 0.232 | – | – |
Household WASH factors | |||||
 Improved water source for drinking | 354 (66.3%) | 1.20, p = 0.714 | 1.29, p = 0.627 | 1.20, p = 0.674 | 2.92, p = 0.231 |
 Improved water source for household use | 274 (51.3%) | 1.26, p = 0.596 | 1.29, p = 0.596 | 1.45, p = 0.460 | 2.70, p = 0.012* |
 Treatment of drinking water | 92 (17.2%) | 0.96, p = 0.842 | 1.04, p = 0.813 | 2.15, p = 0.003* | 1.15, p = 0.875 |
 Methods for water treatment | |||||
  Boiling | 21 (22.8%) | Reference |  |  |  |
  Chlorine/Bleach | 66 (71.7%) | 0.19, p < 0.001* | 0.19, p < 0.001* | 0.62, p = 0.577 | 0.95, p = 0.905 |
  Others | 5 (5.4%) | – | – | – | 5.00, p = 0.286 |
 Improved latrine facility | 417 (78.1%) | 4.15, p = 0.009* | 3.83, p = 0.021* | 0.64, p = 0.078 | 0.93, p = 0.915 |
 Shared latrine with other households | 197 (36.9%) | 0.41, p = 0.068 | 0.35, p = 0.071 | 0.42, p = 0.016* | 1.49, p = 0.242 |