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Table 4 Distribution of standardized test scores and WLLs across GSDs, 2010–2016, averaged across grades

From: Lead contamination of public drinking water and academic achievements among children in Massachusetts: a panel study

  

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Standardized Math Test Score

Min

−0.488

−0.348

− 0.361

−0.346

− 0.390

−0.512

− 0.529

10th percentile

0.170

0.176

0.168

0.141

0.091

0.049

0.007

Median

0.505

0.528

0.537

0.545

0.498

0.420

0.411

Mean

0.508

0.521

0.540

0.541

0.499

0.441

0.430

90th percentile

0.879

0.888

0.931

0.958

0.922

0.871

0.897

Max

1.163

1.199

1.360

1.388

1.324

1.246

1.347

SD

0.278

0.279

0.303

0.318

0.324

0.316

0.345

Standardized ELA Test Score

Min

−0.642

− 0.529

− 0.558

− 0.588

−0.582

− 0.535

−0.449

10th percentile

0.089

0.125

0.102

0.076

0.093

0.083

0.084

Median

0.450

0.482

0.481

0.466

0.486

0.479

0.454

Mean

0.452

0.476

0.476

0.464

0.469

0.467

0.472

90th percentile

0.854

0.891

0.889

0.903

0.896

0.826

0.896

Max

1.194

1.115

1.287

1.272

1.227

1.146

1.230

SD

0.296

0.298

0.307

0.318

0.312

0.303

0.306

90th Percentile WLLs (μg/L)

Min

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

10th percentile

1.197

1.000

1.278

1.000

1.195

1.000

1.101

Median

4.000

3.903

3.819

3.122

3.308

3.018

3.300

Mean

4.760

4.417

4.590

4.203

4.393

4.315

4.452

90th percentile

8.635

8.000

8.833

8.010

7.859

8.358

7.983

Max

47.538

46.668

47.830

17.000

50.000

50.000

50.000

SD

4.376

4.038

4.249

3.044

4.304

4.453

4.681