Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (N = 1270), divided by exposure. Number (percentage)
Work pace | Physically demanding work | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Low | Medium | High | Low | Medium | High | |
Age | |||||||
50–54 years | 453 (35.7) | 35 (28.9) | 196 (38.1) | 222 (35.0) | 96 (35.0) | 140 (36.5) | 217 (35.5) |
55–59 years | 449 (35.3) | 33 (27.3) | 168 (32.7) | 248 (39.1) | 78 (28.5) | 124 (32.3) | 247 (40.4) |
60–64 years | 279 (22.0) | 36 (29.8) | 116 (22.6) | 127 (20.0) | 70 (25.6) | 97 (25.3) | 112 (18.3) |
65+ years | 89 (7.0) | 17 (14.1) | 34 (6.6) | 38 (6.0) | 30 (11.0) | 23 (6.0) | 36 (5.9) |
BMI | |||||||
≤ 24.9 | 394 (31.0) | 35 (29.0) | 170 (33.1) | 189 (29.8) | 77 (28.1) | 118 (30.7) | 199 (32.5) |
25.0–29.9 | 644 (50.7) | 59 (48.8) | 248 (48.3) | 337 (53.1) | 139 (50.7) | 188 (49.0) | 317 (51.8) |
≥ 30.0 | 232 (18.3) | 27 (22.3) | 96 (18.7) | 109 (17.2) | 58 (21.2) | 78 (20.3) | 96 (15.7) |
Smoking | |||||||
Never | 519 (40.9) | 47 (38.8) | 225 (43.8) | 247 (38.9) | 125 (45.6) | 151 (39.3) | 243 (39.7) |
Former | 459 (36.1) | 49 (40.5) | 178 (34.6) | 232 (36.5) | 100 (36.5) | 142 (37.0) | 217 (35.5) |
Current | 292 (23.0) | 25 (20.7) | 111 (21.6) | 156 (24.6) | 49 (17.9) | 91 (23.7) | 152 (24.8) |
Musculoskeletal disorders | |||||||
Neck/shoulders | 348 (27.4) | 30 (24.8) | 132 (25.7) | 186 (29.3) | 66 (24.1) | 94 (24.5) | 188 (30.7) |
Back | 358 (28.2) | 39 (32.2) | 126 (24.5) | 193 (30.4) | 70 (25.6) | 105 (27.3) | 183 (29.9) |
Upper extremities | 239 (18.8) | 15 (12.4) | 83 (16.2) | 141 (22.2) | 37 (13.5) | 63 (16.4) | 139 (22.7) |
Lower extremities | 399 (31.4) | 37 (30.6) | 155 (30.2) | 207 (32.6) | 77 (28.1) | 128 (33.3) | 194 (31.7) |
Occupation | |||||||
Carpenters and Joiners | 293 (23.1) | 24 (19.8) | 117 (22.8) | 152 (23.9) | 53 (19.3) | 95 (24.7) | 145 (23.7) |
Building and Related Electricians | 169 (13.3) | 17 (14.1) | 89 (17.3) | 63 (9.9) | 51 (18.6) | 74 (19.3) | 44 (7.2) |
Plumbers and Pipe Fitters | 96 (7.5) | 5 (4.1) | 37 (7.2) | 54 (8.5) | 6 (2.2) | 33 (8.6) | 57 (9.3) |
Painters and Related Workers | 58 (4.6) | 2 (1.7) | 19 (3.7) | 37 (5.8) | 9 (3.3) | 20 (5.2) | 29 (4.7) |
Others | 654 (51.5) | 73 (60.3) | 252 (49.0) | 329 (51.8) | 155 (56.6) | 162 (42.2) | 337 (55.1) |
Work experience | |||||||
0–22 years | 308 (24.3) | 47 (38.8) | 125 (24.3) | 136 (21.4) | 92 (33.6) | 79 (20.6) | 137 (22.4) |
23–34 years | 324 (25.5) | 32 (26.5) | 131 (25.5) | 161 (25.4) | 58 (21.2) | 103 (26.8) | 163 (26.6) |
35–39 years | 273 (21.5) | 13 (10.7) | 101 (19.7) | 159 (25.0) | 40 (14.6) | 82 (21.4) | 151 (24.7) |
40–64 years | 365 (28.7) | 29 (24.0) | 157 (30.5) | 179 (28.2) | 84 (30.7) | 120 (31.3) | 161 (26.3) |
Support at work | |||||||
Low | 223 (17.6) | 25 (20.7) | 77 (15.0) | 121 (19.1) | 44 (16.1) | 63 (16.4) | 116 (19.0) |
Medium | 494 (38.9) | 34 (28.1) | 209 (40.7) | 251 (39.5) | 116 (42.3) | 145 (37.8) | 233 (38.1) |
High | 553 (43.5) | 62 (51.2) | 228 (44.4) | 263 (41.4) | 114 (41.6) | 176 (45.8) | 263 (43.0) |
Work pace | |||||||
Low | 121 (9.5) | – | – | – | 60 (21.9) | 35 (9.11) | 26 (4.3) |
Medium | 514 (40.5) | – | – | – | 138 (50.4) | 200 (52.1) | 176 (28.8) |
High | 635 (50.0) | – | – | – | 76 (27.7) | 149 (38.8) | 410 (67.0) |
Physical work demands | |||||||
Low | 274 (21.6) | 60 (49.6) | 138 (26.9) | 76 (12.0) | – | – | – |
Medium | 384 (30.2) | 35 (28.9) | 200 (38.9) | 149 (23.5) | – | – | – |
High | 612 (48.2) | 26 (21.5) | 176 (34.2) | 410 (64.6) | – | – | – |
Occupational accident | |||||||
No | 1104 (86.9) | 108 (89.3) | 446 (86.8) | 550 (86.6) | 257 (93.8) | 333 (86.7) | 514 (84.0) |
Yes | 166 (13.1) | 13 (10.7) | 68 (13.2) | 85 (13.4) | 17 (6.2) | 51 (13.3) | 98 (16.0) |