Table 1 Characteristics of study population by sleep quality

Gender (men,n,%)

14,347 (46.5)

10,728 (51.4)

3619 (36.2)

631.894/ < 0.001

Age (Mean ± SD, years)

47.5 ± 13.8

45.4 ± 13.4

51.8 ± 13.5

39.132/ < 0.001

Age group (n,%) ≤ 44

12,570 (40.7)

9797 (47.0)

2773 (27.7)

1323.068/ < 0.001

45–59

12,213 (39.6)

7891 (37.8)

4322 (43.2)

 ≥ 60

6089 (19.7)

3178 (15.2)

2911 (29.1)

Ethnicity (n,%), Han

15,318 (49.7)

10,051 (48.2)

5267 (52.7)

89.052/ < 0.001

Kazakh

10,236 (33.2)

7282 (34.9)

2954 (29.6)

Others

5293 (17.2)

3520 (16.9)

1773 (17.7)

Marital status (n,%) unmarried

2431 (7.9)

1927 (9.3)

504 (5.0)

441.202/ < 0.001

married

25,571 (83.0)

17,414 (83.7)

8157 (81.7)

divorced/widowed

2790 (9.1)

1467 (7.1)

1323 (13.3)

Education (n,%), ≤ primary

9858 (32.0)

5999 (28.8)

3859 (38.6)

305.939/ < 0.001

Junior high

11,716 (38.0)

8372 (40.2)

3344 (33.5)

 ≥ Senior high

9247 (30.0)

6460 (31.0)

2787 (27.9)

Region (n,%), urban

11,058 (36.2)

7023 (34.0)

4035 (40.8)

143.364/ < 0.001

stock-raising

3669 (12.0)

2652 (12.8)

1017 (10.3)

agricultural

15,823 (51.8)

10,974 (53.1)

4849 (49.0)

Occupation (n,%), mental labour

8898 (30.2)

6142 (30.9)

2756 (28.8)

14.186/ < 0.001

physical labor

20,519 (69.8)

13,704 (69.1)

6815 (71.2)

Current smokers (n,%)

7748 (26.3)

5766 (28.8)

1982 (20.9)

207.420/ < 0.001

Current drinkers (n,%)

2807 (9.2)

2010 (9.7)

797 (8.0)

22.728/ < 0.001

Body mass index (Mean ± SD, kg/m²)

25.8 ± 4.3

25.7 ± 4.2

26.1 ± 4.4

8.059/ < 0.001

Body mass index ≥ 25 (n,%)

16,776 (54.9)

11,101 (53.7)

5675 (57.2)

33.796/ < 0.001

Systolic pressure (Median,quartile)

123 (111, 139)

122 (111, 137)

126 (114, 141)

14.317/ < 0.001

Diastolic pressure (Median,quartile)

79 (70, 88)

79 (70, 87)

80 (71, 88)

5.801/ < 0.001

Hypertension (n,%)

11,200 (36.3)

6816 (32.7)

4384 (43.8)

363.582/ < 0.001

Dyslipidemia (n,%)

9114 (29.6)

5414 (26.0)

3700 (37.1)

395.841/ < 0.001

Diabetes mellitus (n,%)

3147 (10.2)

1861 (8.9)

1286 (12.9)

114.166/ < 0.001

Coronary heart disease (n,%)

422 (1.4)

165 (0.8)

257 (2.6)

158.695/ < 0.001

Self-reported stroke (n,%)

1060 (3.5)

465 (2.2)

595 (6.0)

285.744/ < 0.001

Depression (n,%)

1202 (3.9)

332 (1.6)

870 (8.8)

916.267/ < 0.001

Anxiety (n,%)

2170 (7.1)

556 (2.7)

1614 (16.2)

1885.621/ < 0.001

NoSAS score (Median,quartile)

5 (2, 7)

5 (2, 7)

5 (3, 8)

15.820/ < 0.001

Sleep disordered breathing (n,%)

7265 (23.5)

4547 (21.8)

2718 (27.2)

108.469/ < 0.001

Physical activity (n,%), low

4213 (13.9)

2792 (13.7)

1421 (14.5)

8.377/0.015

moderate

8220 (27.2)

5500 (26.9)

2720 (27.7)

high

17,823 (58.9)

12,160 (59.5)

5663 (57.8)

Serum creatinine (Median,quartile)

69.2 (58.9, 81.0)

69.5 (59.4, 81.2)

68.2 (57.8, 80.8)

5.963/ < 0.001

eGFR (Median,quartile)

99.9 (83.8, 111.3)

102.1 (86.2, 113.1)

95.6 (78.8, 107.1)

23.266/ < 0.001

Total cholesterol (Median,quartile)

4.7 (4.0, 5.5)

4.7 (4.0, 5.5)

4.8 (4.1, 5.6)

11.683/ < 0.001

Triglyceride (Median,quartile)

1.2 (0.9, 1.8)

1.2 (0.8, 1.7)

1.3 (0.9, 1.8)

6.904/ < 0.001

Fasting blood glucose (Median,quartile)

5.3 (4.8, 5.9)

5.3 (4.8, 5.8)

5.4 (4.9, 6.0)

10.022/ < 0.001