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Table 2 Comparison of psychological distress, burnout, and coping strategies by participants’ characteristics (N = 253)

From: Psychological distress, burnout, and coping strategies among Nigerian primary school teachers: a school-based cross-sectional study

Participant’s characteristics

Mean (SD)/n (%)

GHQ-12 total score (M ± SD)

MBI-GS total score (M ± SD)

MBI-GS dimensions

Brief-COPE total score (M ± SD)

EE

DE

PA/PE

(M ± SD)

(M ± SD)

(M ± SD)

Age (Years)

33.1 (8.93)

      

 20–29 years

58 (22.9)

18.9 ± 3.41

38.6 ± 10.93

9.6 ± 5.11

2.7 ± 3.22

26.3 ± 9.82

40.6 ± 14.75

 30–39 years

62 (24.5)

17.6 ± 4.73

51.1 ± 15.61

16.8 ± 8.84

8.8 ± 7.10

25.5 ± 9.65

28.4 ± 18.92

  ≥ 40 years

133 (52.6)

15.5 ± 5.05

47.9 ± 16.45

12.8 ± 7.96

6.7 ± 5.78

28.5 ± 9.48

34.4 ± 18.47

  F

 

12.887***

11.393***

13.639***

17.908***

2.484

6.974**

  η2

 

.09

.08

.10

.13

.02

.05

Sex

       

 Male

88 (34.8)

15.9 ± 5.57

44.4 ± 18.27

12.6 ± 8.08

7.1 ± 7.09

24.7 ± 11.59

34.4 ± 19.12

 Female

165 (65.2)

17.2 ± 4.39

47.8 ± 14.16

13.3 ± 7.90

5.9 ± 5.40

28.6 ± 8.15

34.3 ± 17.79

  t

 

−2.047*

−1.657

−0.704

1.566

−3.150**

0.076

  η2

 

.01

.01

.001

.01

.04

 

Academic qualification

       

 OND/NCE

72 (28.5)

18.4 ± 3.56

45.0 ± 15.79

11.7 ± 7.67

7.1 ± 7.85

26.2 ± 10.17

40.9 ± 12.72

 B.Sc./B.Ed./B.A.

118 (46.6)

16.6 ± 5.91

44.7 ± 17.92

12.5 ± 8.45

6.6 ± 5.20

25.6 ± 10.47

30.6 ± 21.10

aMaster’s degree

63 (24.9)

15.5 ± 3.29

52.0 ± 8.84

15.6 ± 6.76

4.8 ± 4.94

31.6 ± 5.32

33.8 ± 15.74

F

 

6.535**

5.147**

4.831**

2.631

8.836***

7.528**

η2

 

.05

.04

.04

.02

.07

.06

Marital status

       

 Single

30 (11.9)

16.5 ± 2.66

52.3 ± 7.72

17.5 ± 5.11

9.4 ± 7.42

25.4 ± 10.46

30.4 ± 21.52

 Married

198 (78.3)

16.8 ± 5.32

44.6 ± 16.46

11.9 ± 8.02

5.7 ± 5.59

26.9 ± 9.80

34.6 ± 18.35

 Widow/divorced/separated

25 (9.9)

16.8 ± 2.61

55.8 ± 12.20

16.8 ± 7.40

7.2 ± 6.04

31.8 ± 5.57

36.6 ± 11.72

  F

 

0.078

8.335***

10.276***

5.461**

3.466*

0.931

  η2

 

.001

.06

.08

.04

.03

.007

Monthly Income

       

 b#18, 000.00 - #49,000.00

123 (48.6)

17.5 ± 5.59

43.0 ± 18.09

11.6 ± 8.92

5.9 ± 5.70

25.6 ± 10.36

32.1 ± 17.47

 #50, 000.00 - #99,000.00

40 (15.8)

15.9 ± 5.60

51.4 ± 18.73

13.7 ± 6.96

10.6 ± 5.55

27.2 ± 9.92

26.4 ± 15.40

  ≥ #100, 000.00

90 (35.6)

16.2 ± 2.98

49.3 ± 8.09

14.7 ± 6.58

4.9 ± 5.97

29.7 ± 7.98

40.9 ± 18.41

  F

 

2.926

6.649**

4.150*

13.576***

4.867**

11.502***

  η2

 

.02

.05

.03

.10

.04

.08

Place of residence

       

 Urban

194 (76.7)

16.8 ± 5.40

47.6 ± 16.15

13.7 ± 7.78

5.9 ± 5.76

28.0 ± 9.41

33.1 ± 18.94

 Rural

59 (23.3)

16.9 ± 2.37

43.5 ± 14.10

10.9 ± 8.25

7.8 ± 6.80

24.8 ± 10.10

38.2 ± 15.14

  t

 

−0.248

1.740

2.324*

−2.126*

2.272*

−2.112*

  η2

 

.0004

.01

.02

.02

.02

.02

  1. Note. PD, psychological distress; EE, emotional exhaustion; DE, depersonalization; PE/PA, personal self-efficacy/personal accomplishment; OND, Ordinary National Diploma; NCE, National Certificate of Examination; B.Sc., Bachelor of Science; B.Ed., Bachelor of Education; B.A., Bachelor of Arts; Master’s degree, Master of Science (M.Sc.); Master of Education (M.Ed.); Master of Arts (M.A.); b#18, 000, this was the national minimum wage at the time of the study. The new national minimum wage is #30,000 per month for civil servants, including teachers
  2. * p < .05; ** p < .001; ***p < .0001
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