Table 1 General characteristics of the respondents (N = 3336)
|  | Total | Quality of Life | χ2 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N=3336) | Good(N=621) | Poor(N=2715) | Â | Â | |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 33.153 | <0.001 |
 Male | 1640(49.2) | 370(59.6) | 1270(46.8) |  |  |
 Female | 1696(50.8) | 251(40.4) | 1445(53.2) |  |  |
Age(years) | Â | Â | Â | 65.987 | <0.001 |
 60–69 | 1529(45.8) | 358(57.6) | 1171(43.1) |  |  |
 70–79 | 1325(39.7) | 228(36.8) | 1097(40.4) |  |  |
 ≥80 | 482(14.5) | 35(5.6) | 447(16.5) |  |  |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | 25.414 | <0.001 |
 Illiterate | 2211(66.3) | 358(57.7) | 1853(68.3) |  |  |
 Primary and above | 1125(33.7) | 263(42.3) | 862(31.7) |  |  |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | 111.305 | <0.001 |
 Unemployed | 2137(64.1) | 284(45.7) | 1853(68.3) |  |  |
 Employed | 1199(35.9) | 337(54.3) | 862(31.7) |  |  |
Living style | Â | Â | Â | 7.920 | 0.019 |
 Living alone | 660(19.8) | 98(15.8) | 562(20.7) |  |  |
 Living with spouse | 1436(43.0) | 276(44.4) | 1160(42.7) |  |  |
 Other | 1240(37.2) | 247(39.8) | 993(36.6) |  |  |
Region | Â | Â | Â | 57.991 | <0.001 |
 Northern | 1482(44.4) | 198(31.9) | 1284(47.3) |  |  |
 Central | 919(27.5) | 184(29.6) | 735(27.1) |  |  |
 Southern | 935(28.1) | 239(38.5) | 696(25.6) |  |  |
Poverty | Â | Â | Â | 42.604 | <0.001 |
 Yes | 1206(36.2) | 154(24.8) | 1052(38.7) |  |  |
 No | 2130(63.8) | 467(75.2) | 1663(61.3) |  |  |
Physical discomfort | Â | Â | Â | 178.701 | <0.001 |
(Within two weeks) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 2120(63.5) | 250(40.3) | 1870(68.9) |  |  |
 No | 1216(36.5) | 371(59.7) | 845(31.1) |  |  |
Chronic diseases | Â | Â | Â | 164.175 | <0.001 |
 0 | 865(25.9) | 269(43.3) | 596(22.0) |  |  |
 1 | 1227(36.8) | 239(38.5) | 988(36.3) |  |  |
 ≥2 | 1244(37.3) | 113(18.2) | 1131(41.7) |  |  |
Hospitalization | Â | Â | Â | 90.620 | <0.001 |
(Within a year) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 1062(31.8) | 98(15.8) | 964(35.5) |  |  |
 No | 2274(68.2) | 523(84.2) | 1751(64.5) |  |  |
Source of income | Â | Â | Â | 23.457 | <0.001 |
 Employment income | 2569(77.0) | 524(84.4) | 2045(75.3) |  |  |
 Child support | 395(11.8) | 51(8.2) | 344(12.7) |  |  |
 Government subsidy | 372(11.2) | 46(7.4) | 326(12.0) |  |  |
Cognition | Â | Â | Â | 32.797 | <0.001 |
 Limited | 2312(69.3) | 371(59.7) | 1941(71.5) |  |  |
 Robust | 1024(30.7) | 250(40.3) | 774(28.5) |  |  |
Mobility | Â | Â | Â | 441.426 | <0.001 |
 Limited | 2197(65.9) | 185(29.8) | 2012(74.1) |  |  |
 Robust | 1139(34.1) | 436(70.2) | 703(35.9) |  |  |
Self-care | Â | Â | Â | 183.178 | <0.001 |
 Limited | 988(29.6) | 45(7.2) | 943(34.7) |  |  |
 Robust | 2348(70.4) | 576(92.8) | 1772(65.3) |  |  |
Getting along | Â | Â | Â | 165.945 | <0.001 |
 Limited | 1253(37.6) | 93(15.0) | 1160(42.7) |  |  |
 Robust | 2083(62.4) | 528(85.0) | 1555(57.3) |  |  |
Life activities | Â | Â | Â | 440.374 | <0.001 |
 Limited | 2170(65.0) | 179(28.8) | 1991(73.3) |  |  |
 Robust | 1166(35.0) | 442(71.2) | 724(26.7) |  |  |
Social participation | Â | Â | Â | 286.526 | <0.001 |
 Limited | 3012(90.3) | 448(72.1) | 2564(94.4) |  |  |
 Robust | 324(9.7) | 173(27.9) | 151(5.6) |  |  |