Table 1 The socio-demographic characteristics of subjects
Normal Fluoride Group | High Fluoride Group | X2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
General information | ||||
Gender | 172 | 272 | 3.050 | 0.081 |
Male | 53(30.8%) | 106(39%) | ||
Female | 119(69.2%) | 166(61%) | ||
Age (years) | 1.118 | 0.572 | ||
60–69 | 84(48.8%) | 132(48.5%) | ||
70–79 | 73(42.4%) | 108(39.7%) | ||
≥ 80 | 15(8.7%) | 32(11.8%) | ||
Education | 24.765 | 0.000* | ||
Illiterate | 122(70.9%) | 137(50.4%) | ||
Primary school | 31(18%) | 88(32.4%) | ||
Middle school | 13(7.6%) | 44(16.2%) | ||
High Middle school and higher | 6(3.5%) | 3(1.1%) | ||
Risk factors | ||||
Cigarette smoking | 6.938 | 0.008** | ||
Yes | 14(8.1%) | 46(16.9%) | ||
No | 158(91.9%) | 226(83.1%) | ||
Alcohol consumption | – | 0.43 | ||
Yes | 0(0%) | 1(0.4%) | ||
No | 172(100%) | 271(99.6%) | ||
Chronic diseases | ||||
Hypertension | 4.658 | 0.031* | ||
Yes | 48(27.9%) | 103(37.9%) | ||
No | 124(72.1%) | 169(62.1%) | ||
Hyperlipemia | 10.439 | 0.001* | ||
Yes | 6(3.5%) | 34(12.5%) | ||
No | 166(96.5%) | 238(87.5%) | ||
Hyperglycemia | 0.092 | 0.761 | ||
Yes | 14(8.1%) | 20(7.4%) | ||
No | 158(91.9%) | 252(92.6%) | ||
APOE gene polymorphisms | ||||
Genotype | 71.753 | 0.000** | ||
E2/E2 | 1(0.6%) | 1(0.4%) | ||
E2/E3 | 28(16.3%) | 139(51.5%) | ||
E2/E4 | 0(0%)) | 4(1.5%) | ||
E3/E3 | 143(83.1%) | 123(45.2%) | ||
E3/E4 | 0(0%) | 5(1.8%) | ||
Physical sign of fluorosis | ||||
Teeth | 476.841 | 0.000* | ||
Normal | 155(90.1%) | 2(0.7%) | ||
Dental fluorosis | 9(5.2%) | 266(97.8%) | ||
Denture | 8(4.7%) | 4(1.5%) | ||