Table 2 Characteristics of REGARDS participants by subjective report of COVID-19 and report of results of testing for SARS-CoV-2^a

Illness with COVID-19 symptoms

171 (83.4%)

23 (31.1%)

100 (33.7%)

403 (4.5%)

< 0.001

Received SARS-CoV-2 testing

205 (100%)

74 (100%)

140 (47.1%)

2799 (31.4%)

< 0.001

Age, y

73.3 ± 7.1

77.6 ± 7.6

73.0 ± 7.3

77.0 ± 7.8

< 0.001

Sex

0.01

 Male

91 (44.4%)

25 (33.8%)

102 (34.3%)

3823 (42.9%)

 Female

114 (55.6%)

49 (66.2%)

195 (65.7%)

5093 (57.1%)

Race

0.003

 Black

76 (37.1%)

42 (56.8%)

105 (35.4%)

3193 (35.8%)

 White

129 (62.9%)

32 (43.2%)

192 (64.6%)

5723 (64.2%)

Income < $35,000

69 (33.7%)

30 (40.5%)

92 (31.0%)

2685 (30.1%)

0.23

Unmarried

67 (32.7%)

36 (48.7%)

115 (38.7%)

3507 (39.3%)

0.09

Less than high school education

12 (5.9%)

10 (1.8%)

18 (6.1%)

518 (5.8%)

0.048

Area-level poverty > 25%

48 (23.8%)

12 (16.9%)

45 (15.4%)

1383 (15.8%)

0.02

Rural residence

48 (23.9%)

15 (20.5%)

52 (17.8%)

1469 (16.6%)

0.04

Poor public health infrastructure

81 (39.5%)

28 (37.8%)

105 (35.4%)

2922 (32.8%)

0.13

Medicaid non-expansion state

112 (54.6%)

51 (68.9%)

150 (50.5%)

4818 (54.0%)

0.04

Higher neighborhood segregation

94 (45.9%)

37 (50.0%)

158 (53.2%)

4455 (50.0%)

0.45

Cigarette smoking

0.56

 Current

13 (6.4%)

6 (8.1%)

15 (5.1%)

557 (6.5%)

 Past

90 (44.1%)

29 (39.2%)

109 (36.7%)

3599 (40.4%)

 Never

101 (49.5%)

39 (52.7%)

173 (58.3%)

4736 (53.1%)

BMI, kg/m²

30.8 ± 7.4

30.3 ± 6.2

30.7 ± 6.8

29.3 ± 6.4

< 0.001

Diabetes

63 (30.7%)

18 (24.3%)

68 (22.9%)

2006 (22.5%)

0.049

Hypertension

134 (65.4%)

53 (71.6%)

184 (62.0%)

5906 (66.2%)

0.33

History of stroke

13 (6.3%)

4 (5.4%)

18 (6.1%)

539 (6.1%)

0.99

History of coronary heart disease

43 (21.0%)

16 (21.6%)

60 (20.2%)

1749 (19.6%)

0.93

History of heart failure

2 (1.0%)

3 (4.1%)

5 (1.7%)

157 (1.8%)

0.39