|
Level-1 indicators
|
|
Sex
|
|
Female (vs. Male)
|
1.19(1.09-1.30)
|
0.0001
|
1.23(1.17-1.29)
|
<0.0001
|
1.22(1.17-1.27)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Other (vs. Han)
|
1.11(0.96-1.28)
|
0.15
|
0.96(0.88-1.04)
|
0.30
|
0.99(0.92-1.07)
|
0.78
|
|
Location of residence
|
|
Rural (vs. Urban)
|
1.06(0.96-1.16)
|
0.24
|
1.01(0.96-1.07)
|
0.59
|
1.03(0.99-1.08)
|
0.14
|
|
Only child
|
|
Yes (vs. No)
|
0.95(0.86-1.05)
|
0.29
|
0.96(0.92-1.01)
|
0.11
|
0.98(0.93-1.02)
|
0.33
|
|
Parental highest education attainment (vs. Junior high school or below)
|
|
High school
|
1.05(0.92-1.19)
|
0.47
|
1.02(0.95-1.11)
|
0.54
|
1.04(0.97-1.11)
|
0.29
|
|
Tertiary or bachelor degree or above
|
1.11(0.94-1.30)
|
0.22
|
1.02(0.93-1.12)
|
0.63
|
1.04(0.96-1.13)
|
0.30
|
|
Unknown or orphan
|
1.06(0.85-1.31)
|
0.62
|
1.04(0.95-1.15)
|
0.39
|
1.05(0.96-1.15)
|
0.27
|
|
Toothbrushing frequency
|
|
Twice or more per day (vs. Once a day or less)
|
0.92(0.83-1.01)
|
0.087
|
1.02(0.98-1.06)
|
0.40
|
1.01(0.97-1.06)
|
0.60
|
|
Use of dental floss
|
|
Yes (vs. No or do not know)
|
0.95(0.80-1.12)
|
0.53
|
1.06(0.99-1.14)
|
0.098
|
1.05(0.98-1.12)
|
0.15
|
|
Frequency of toothache within the past 12 months (vs. Never)
|
|
Often
|
1.40(1.15-1.70)
|
0.0008
|
1.45(1.30-1.62)
|
<0.0001
|
1.44(1.31-1.59)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Occasionally
|
1.25(1.12-1.39)
|
<0.0001
|
1.28(1.21-1.36)
|
<0.0001
|
1.27(1.21-1.33)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Can't remember
|
1.09(0.95-1.25)
|
0.21
|
1.08(1.00-1.18)
|
0.063
|
1.08(1.00-1.16)
|
0.037
|
|
Time of last dental visit (vs. Never)
|
|
Within 6 months
|
1.23(1.07-1.43)
|
0.0047
|
1.43(1.33-1.52)
|
<0.0001
|
1.40(1.32-1.49)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Within 6 to 12 months
|
1.13(0.98-1.31)
|
0.095
|
1.25(1.17-1.34)
|
<0.0001
|
1.23(1.16-1.31)
|
<0.0001
|
|
More than 12 months
|
1.32(1.20-1.46)
|
<0.0001
|
1.17(1.10-1.24)
|
<0.0001
|
1.21(1.15-1.27)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Dental fluorosis
|
|
Yes (vs. No)
|
1.08(0.95-1.22)
|
0.25
|
0.95(0.89-1.01)
|
0.11
|
0.98(0.92-1.03)
|
0.37
|
|
Frequency of sweet snack intake (vs. Occasionally/ never)
|
|
Less than 2 times per week
|
0.92(0.81-1.05)
|
0.23
|
1.04(0.97-1.11)
|
0.29
|
1.00(0.93-1.07)
|
0.91
|
|
2 to 6 times per week
|
0.96(0.83-1.11)
|
0.58
|
1.09(1.02-1.17)
|
0.0073
|
1.03(0.96-1.10)
|
0.41
|
|
More than 6 times per week
|
0.93(0.82-1.04)
|
0.21
|
1.13(1.06-1.21)
|
<0.0001
|
1.06(0.99-1.13)
|
0.10
|
|
Year of survey
|
|
2015 (vs. 2005)
|
..
|
..
|
..
|
..
|
1.30(1.23-1.37)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Level-2 indicators
|
|
Economic development (vs. GDP per capita, quartile 1)
|
|
GDP per capita, , quartile 2
|
0.98(0.75-1.29)
|
0.90
|
1.08(0.86-1.35)
|
0.53
|
1.01(0.90-1.14)
|
0.85
|
|
GDP per capita, , quartile 3
|
1.21(0.90-1.62)
|
0.21
|
0.96(0.76-1.20)
|
0.71
|
0.96(0.86-1.08)
|
0.52
|
|
GDP per capita, , quartile 4
|
1.13(0.85-1.51)
|
0.40
|
1.10(0.87-1.38)
|
0.44
|
0.88(0.77-1.01)
|
0.068
|
|
Region (vs. East China)
|
|
North China
|
0.86(0.65-1.13)
|
0.27
|
0.93(0.73-1.19)
|
0.57
|
0.97(0.77-1.22)
|
0.80
|
|
Northeast China
|
1.15(0.84-1.57)
|
0.39
|
1.50(1.09-2.07)
|
0.014
|
1.35(1.03-1.77)
|
0.031
|
|
Middlesouth (Central) China
|
1.13(0.86-1.50)
|
0.38
|
1.18(0.92-1.52)
|
0.18
|
1.11(0.89-1.38)
|
0.37
|
|
Southwest China
|
1.27(0.91-1.78)
|
0.16
|
1.40(1.07-1.83)
|
0.013
|
1.26(0.99-1.59)
|
0.06
|
|
Northwest China
|
0.94(0.68-1.29)
|
0.69
|
1.05(0.79-1.39)
|
0.73
|
0.94(0.74-1.20)
|
0.64
|
