Table 2 Bivariate analysis of socio-demographic characteristics, oral health related behaviors with standardized prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT scores in children aged 12 years in China in 2005 and 2015 surveys
| Â | Prevalence of dental caries a | DMFT scores b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
2005 (n=12350) | 2015 (n=27818) | 2005 (n=12350) | 2015 (n=27818) | |
Prevalence (%) and 95% CI | Prevalence (%) and 95% CI | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Total | 27.05 (24.25-28.85) | 37.92 (34.94-40.90) | 0.50 (1.04) | 0.83 (1.45) |
Level-1 (individual) indicators | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 23.50 (20.58-26.42)*** | 33.40 (30.75-36.04)*** | 0.41 (0.95)*** | 0.67 (1.25)*** |
Female | 30.83 (27.68-33.97) | 42.67 (39.17-46.17) | 0.58 (1.13) | 1.00 (1.62) |
Ethnicity | ||||
Han | 27.07 (24.32-29.81) | 37.52 (34.52-40.52)*** | 0.49 (1.01) | 0.82 (1.44)* |
Other | 26.89 (18.38-35.41) | 44.12 (39.52-48.73) | 0.57 (1.34) | 1.01 (1.63) |
Location of residence | ||||
Urban | 28.56 (26.02-31.11) | 37.39 (33.29-41.49) | 0.52 (1.02) | 0.84 (1.47) |
Rural | 26.55 (23.44-29.67) | 38.14 (35.13-41.15) | 0.49 (1.05) | 0.83 (1.44) |
Only child | ||||
Yes | 27.91 (24.74-31.07) | 36.99 (32.75-41.24) | 0.51 (1.04) | 0.82 (1.45) |
No | 26.55 (23.32-29.79) | 38.35 (35.26-41.44) | 0.49 (1.05) | 0.84 (1.45) |
Parental highest education attainment | ||||
Junior high school or below | 26.37 (22.27-30.47)** | 36.73 (31.75-41.72) | 0.48 (0.97)* | 0.78 (1.39) |
High school | 26.37 (23.46-29.28) | 38.39 (35.52-41.26) | 0.48 (1.02) | 0.84 (1.45) |
Tertiary or bachelor degree or above | 29.99 (27.05-32.92) | 36.17 (33.20-39.14) | 0.58 (1.21) | 0.82 (1.49) |
Unknown or orphan | 32.94 (28.03-37.85) | 38.87 (34.28-43.47) | 0.62 (1.08) | 0.87 (1.48) |
Toothbrushing frequency | ||||
Twice or more per day | 29.13 (25.51-32.75)** | 39.85 (36.75-42.95)** | 0.53(1.02) | 0.92(1.57)** |
Once a day or less | 26.44 (23.79-29.09) | 37.08 (33.97-40.19) | 0.49(1.05) | 0.79(1.39) |
Use of dental floss | ||||
No or do not know | 27.30 (24.57-30.04) | 37.71 (34.82-40.60) | 0.50 (1.05) | 0.82 (1.44)* |
Yes | 23.76 (18.11-29.40) | 40.29 (35.34-45.25) | 0.43 (0.95) | 0.96 (1.62) |
Frequency of toothache within the past 12 months | ||||
Often | 39.19 (30.82-47.56)*** | 54.48 (49.27-59.68)*** | 0.77 (1.24)*** | 1.50 (1.97)*** |
Occasionally | 30.68 (26.97-34.39) | 42.55 (39.26-45.84) | 0.59 (1.16) | 0.98 (1.58) |
Never | 22.45 (19.89-25.02) | 30.29 (27.30-33.28) | 0.38 (0.86) | 0.58 (1.15) |
Can't remember | 25.04 (21.42-28.67) | 34.34 (30.58-38.11) | 0.45 (1.01) | 0.71 (1.32) |
Time of last dental visit | ||||
Within 6 months | 32.13 (26.57-37.69)*** | 48.76 (43.95-53.58)*** | 0.63 (1.19)*** | 1.27 (1.89)*** |
Within 6 to 12 months | 31.79 (27.38-36.21) | 46.20 (43.44-48.96) | 0.59 (1.21) | 1.07 (1.59) |
More than 12 months | 30.52 (27.28-33.76) | 40.24 (36.72-43.76) | 0.58 (1.12) | 0.88 (1.48) |
Never | 23.74 (21.29-26.19) | 31.67 (28.87-34.48) | 0.42 (0.94) | 0.63 (1.21) |
Dental fluorosis | ||||
Yes | 24.20 (20.98-27.43)* | 37.10 (33.89-40.31) | 0.41 (0.96)** | 0.76 (1.33) |
No | 27.71 (24.75-30.68) | 38.04 (34.72-41.35) | 0.52 (1.06) | 0.84 (1.48) |
Frequency of sweet snack intake | ||||
Occasionally/ never | 25.14 (22.50-27.78)*** | 34.00 (30.68-37.33)*** | 0.48 (1.05)** | 0.69 (1.25)*** |
Less than 2 times per week | 25.01 (22.64-27.38) | 36.21 (33.10-39.33) | 0.44 (0.99) | 0.77 (1.38) |
2 to 6 times per week | 29.79 (26.23-33.35) | 38.61 (35.68-41.53) | 0.54 (1.01) | 0.85 (1.49) |
More than 6 times per week | 29.07 (25.25-32.90) | 40.40 (36.90-43.91) | 0.54 (1.08) | 0.93 (1.55) |
Level-2 (province) indicators | ||||
Economic development | ||||
GDP per capita, quartile 1 | 24.48 (17.11-31.86)** | 34.84 (24.70-44.98) | 0.48 (1.14)* | 0.74 (1.33)* |
GDP per capita, quartile 2 | 21.53 (18.51-24.55) | 40.25 (32.32-48.19) | 0.36 (0.82) | 0.89 (1.51) |
GDP per capita, quartile 3 | 29.56 (24.01-35.11) | 38.07 (32.53-43.62) | 0.55 (1.09) | 0.82 (1.40) |
GDP per capita, quartile 4 | 30.82 (25.90-35.74) | 38.20 (32.68-43.71) | 0.56 (1.03) | 0.86 (1.54) |
Region | ||||
North China | 25.46 (22.75-28.17)* | 36.42 (29.81-43.03)*** | 0.41 (0.86) | 0.76 (1.32)*** |
Northeast China | 36.12 (22.46-49.78) | 51.33 (40.43-62.24) | 0.73 (1.31) | 1.31 (1.86) |
East China | 28.37 (21.46-35.28) | 34.45 (26.83-42.06) | 0.50 (0.99) | 0.74 (1.39) |
Middlesouth (Central) China | 27.23 (18.41-36.06) | 38.39 (32.69-44.09) | 0.52 (1.10) | 0.82 (1.42) |
Southwest China | 22.50 (17.30-27.70) | 40.83 (33.82-47.83) | 0.43 (1.06) | 0.93 (1.53) |
Northwest China | 22.70 (13.72-31.68) | 31.68 (20.29-43.07) | 0.38 (0.86) | 0.63 (1.22) |