Table 1 Domain identification for the psychological and social domains
Theoretical framework | Operational definition (number of items) | Instruments used as reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
Psychological Domain | |||
Motivation | Reasons for engaging in movement and physical activity in response to internal or external factors [1] | Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire – 3 (BREQ-3) [55, 56] | |
Foundation: Controlled motivation (5 items) | |||
Mastery: Autonomous motivation (5 items) | |||
Confidence | Psychological need satisfaction -Perceived competence [57] | A belief in self-worth and ability to perform in movement and physical activity [1] | Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE) [56] |
Foundation: Beliefs of self-worth and ability (5 items) | |||
Mastery: Beliefs of self-worth and ability in challenging contexts (5 items) | |||
Emotional Regulation | Emotional Intelligence [58] | Ability to manage emotions and resulting behaviors in relation to movement and physical activity [1] | Wong and Law’s Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) [59] |
Foundation: Awareness of own emotions and other’s (5 items) | |||
Mastery: Emotional regulation and control (5 items) | |||
Physical Regulation | NA | Recognizing and managing physical signals such as pain, fatigue and exertion [1] | NA |
Foundation: Awareness of physical signals (5 items) | |||
Mastery: Regulation and management of physical signals (5 items) | |||
Social Domain | |||
Culture & Society | Sport Education [60] | Appreciation of cultural values which exist within groups, organizations and communites [1] | NA |
Foundation: Participation in sport’s cultural phenomena (5 items) | |||
Mastery: Valuing participation in sport’s cultural phenomena and encouragement of others to do so (5 items) | |||
Ethics | Moral principles that govern a person’s behavior, relating to fairness and justice, inclusion, equity, integrity, and respect [1] | Fair Play Questionnaire in Physical Education (FPQ-PE) [63] | |
Foundation: Respect for basic moral and ethical principles in physical activity contexts (fair-play) (5 items) | |||
Mastery: Autonomy and empowerment of others in respecting moral and ethical principles in physical activity contexts (fair-play) (5 items) | |||
Collaboration | Personal and Social Responsibility [64] | Social skills for successful interaction with others, including: communication, cooperation, leadership and conflict resolution [1] | Personal and Social Responsability Questionnaire (PSRQ) [65] |
Foundation: Respect and cooperation with others | |||
Mastery: Caring and leading others to success | |||
Relationships | Psychological need satisfaction -Perceived Relatedness [57] | Building and maintaining respectful relationships that enable a person to interact effectively with others [1]. | Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE) [56] |
Foundation: Interaction and relatedness with others | |||
Mastery: Management and maintaining relationships with others | |||