Fig. 5

The association of rural residence with median household income and education nationally. The figure shows the distribution of geographically weighted coefficient estimates for the effect of rural residence on A) median household income and B) the percentage of a county’s population aged 25 and over with at least a bachelor’s degree. These plots show a similar pattern for how rural residence affects socioeconomic measures. We created this plot using the ggplot2 package of the open-source R statistical environment