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Table 4 Association between socioeconomic characteristics and under-5 severe child undernutrition in rural-urban context

From: Urban-rural differences in the associated factors of severe under-5 child undernutrition based on the composite index of severe anthropometric failure (CISAF) in Bangladesh

Socioeconomic characteristics

Rural

Urban

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

P values

Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)

P values

Parents’ education a

 Both parents uneducated

1.92 (1.35–2.73)

< 0.001

2.34 (1.27–4.32)

0.006

 Only father uneducated

1.54 (1.23–1.94)

< 0.001

1.42 (0.86–2.36)

0.170

 Only mother uneducated

2.15 (1.46–3.18)

< 0.001

1.08 (0.51–2.29)

0.843

 Both parents educated (RC)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Underweight mother (< 18.5 kg/m2) a

 No (RC)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

1.50 (1.21–1.84)

< 0.001

1.58 (1.04–2.40)

0.033

Mothers received antenatal care b

 No

1.28 (1.00–1.64)

0.050

  

 Yes (RC)

1.00

   

Mothers received postnatal care b

 No

  

2.13 (1.32–3.44)

0.002

 Yes (RC)

  

1.00

 

Mother’s attitudes toward wife-beating a

 Not justified

1.00

   

 Justified

1.25 (1.02–1.52)

0.028

  

Mass media exposure a,c

 No

1.25 (1.04–1.51)

0.018

  

 Yes (RC)

1.00

   

Wealth index a,d

 Poorest

2.44 (1.57–3.78)

< 0.001

2.40 (1.47–3.93)

< 0.001

 Poorer

2.20 (1.43–3.38)

< 0.001

2.35 (1.34–4.11)

0.003

 Middle

1.68 (1.09–2.61)

0.020

1.49 (0.90–2.46)

0.122

 Richer

1.80 (1.15–2.82)

0.011

1.36 (0.91–2.02)

0.132

 Richest (RC)

1.00

 

1.00

 

Children age a

 0–11 months (RC)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 12–23 months

1.78 (1.36–2.33)

< 0.001

1.46 (0.89–2.39)

0.131

 24–35 months

2.10 (1.61–2.74)

< 0.001

2.19 (1.37–3.51)

0.001

 36–47 months

1.37 (1.03–1.83)

0.030

1.16 (0.69–1.96)

0.577

 48–59 months

1.21 (0.90–1.61)

0.202

1.08 (0.64–1.83)

0.765

Birth order a

 First (RC)

  

1.00

 

 Second

  

1.07 (0.74–1.54)

0.728

 Third

  

1.05 (0.65–1.69)

0.833

 Fourth and above

  

1.75 (1.07–2.86)

0.027

Small birth weight b,e

 No (RC)

1.00

 

1.00

 

 Yes

2.84 (1.88–4.30)

< 0.001

3.99 (2.12–7.52)

< 0.001

  1. RC, reference category
  2. a model adjusted with all variables found significant in the bivariate analysis except mothers received antenatal care, mothers received postnatal care, and small birth weight
  3. b model adjusted with all variables found significant in the bivariate analysis including mothers received antenatal care, mothers received postnatal care and small birth weight
  4. c exposure to either radio, television, newspapers, or magazines at least once a week
  5. d integrating household asset ownership and access to drinking water and sanitation
  6. e child’s weight at birth based on measuring and mother’s perception
  7. Results are derived using stepwise backward selection of regression
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