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Table 6 Multinomial logistic regression of class memberships on covariates of health risk exposures of mothers during pregnancy or in the year of childbirtha

From: Clustering of asthma and related comorbidities and their association with maternal health during pregnancy: evidence from an Australian birth cohort

health risk exposures of mothers

Had asthma – currently healthy

Early-onset-asthmatic/allergic

Asthmatic unhealthy

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Mother had asthma during pregnancy

No (ref.)

 Yes

2.50 (1.42–4.39)

0.002

1.7 (0.91–3.18)

0.093

3.31 (2.07–5.30)

< 0.001

  Had any medical condition in the year of childbirth

 No (ref.)

  Yes

1.03 (0.69–1.54)

0.872

1.23 (0.84–1.8)

0.297

1.72 (1.23–2.42)

0.002

General health status of mother

 Excellent/Very good health (ref.)

  Good health

0.93 (0.63–1.38)

0.73

1.45 (1–2.09)

0.051

1.26 (0.88–1.8)

0.208

  Fair/Poor health

1.53 (0.81–2.89)

0.190

1.22 (0.63–2.36)

0.561

1.7 (0.96–3.01)

0.069

Obesity status of mothers before pregnancy

 Healthy weight (ref.)

  Underweight

0.91 (0.5–1.65)

0.750

1.21 (0.69–2.12)

0.495

0.96 (0.55–1.69)

0.885

  Overweight

1.41 (0.94–2.1)

0.094

1.09 (0.72–1.66)

0.688

1.23 (0.83–1.81)

0.301

  Obese

1.1 (0.66–1.82)

0.724

1.07 (0.65–1.75)

0.803

1.19 (0.75–1.89)

0.462

Birth Weight of children

 Healthy weight (ref.)

  Low birth weight (< 2500 g)

1.42 (0.61–3.3)

0.410

0.86 (0.34–2.19)

0.754

1.91 (0.87–4.18)

0.106

  High birth weight (> = 4000 g)

1.41 (0.92–2.16)

0.110

1.23 (0.79–1.94)

0.361

0.87 (0.55–1.38)

0.553

Gestational Age of birth

 On time birth (ref.)

  Pre-term birth (< 37 weeks)

1.22 (0.56–2.65)

0.613

1.29 (0.58–2.87)

0.534

0.87 (0.4–1.88)

0.715

  Late birth (> = 42 weeks)

0.73 (0.3–1.77)

0.493

1.07 (0.5–2.27)

0.859

1.34 (0.69–2.59)

0.385

Frequency of smoking in 1st Trimester

 No smoking (ref.)

  Occasional / <  10 cigarettes per day

0.35 (0.14–0.93)

0.035

0.87 (0.44–1.72)

0.699

1.28 (0.72–2.27)

0.403

  10+ cigarettes per day

1.04 (0.43–2.57)

0.924

1.33 (0.58–3.04)

0.496

1.34 (0.63–2.86)

0.449

  1. aNote: The Multinomial logistic regression model has been constructed using never asthmatic & healthy cluster as reference category. Further, for each of the independent variables, the reference category (ref.) has been mentioned at the beginning of the categorical values. The regression model has been controlled with mothers’ other health related and socio-economic variables listed as follows: breastfeeding, type of birth delivery, immunisation status of children, gender of the child, education and marital status of mother, family income, language spoken at home and remoteness of the residence