Table 4 Average scores of PedsQL, well-being and lung function measures by the cluster group of the children
PedsQL, Well-being and Lung Function Measures | Total Sample | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | ||
A. Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory | |||||||||||
 Inventory physical health summary | 1750 | 83.1 (13.6) | 192 | 84.5 (12.3) | 1141 | 84.0 (13.0) | 181 | 81.5 (13.6) | 236 | 79.4 (16.4) | < 0.001 |
 Inventory psychosocial health summary | 1750 | 75.8 (14.6) | 191 | 77.4 (14.7) | 1141 | 76.7 (14.0) | 182 | 72.1 (15.2) | 236 | 73.1 (15.9) | < 0.001 |
 Inventory total score | 1751 | 78.4 (13.0) | 192 | 79.9 (13.1) | 1141 | 79.3 (12.6) | 182 | 75.4 (13.3) | 236 | 75.3 (14.2) | < 0.001 |
B. International Survey of Children’s Well-being | |||||||||||
 Brief Multi-dimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale | 1750 | 82.8 (13.8) | 190 | 85.0 (13.4) | 1143 | 83.0 (13.7) | 182 | 81.0 (14.2) | 235 | 81.5 (14.5) | 0.014 |
 Overall Life Satisfaction | 1745 | 80.6 (18.5) | 190 | 84.3 (17.7) | 1137 | 81.0 (18.1) | 183 | 78.7 (17.7) | 235 | 77.5 (21.2) | < 0.001 |
C. Lung Function Measures | |||||||||||
 Raw | |||||||||||
  FEV1 (L) | 1321 | 2.54 (0.42) | 147 | 2.54 (0.40) | 858 | 2.57 (0.41) | 134 | 2.51 (0.42) | 182 | 2.46 (0.42) | 0.016 |
  FVC (L) | 1321 | 2.99 (0.51) | 147 | 3.03 (0.51) | 858 | 2.99 (0.51) | 134 | 2.95 (0.51) | 182 | 2.96 (0.50) | 0.493 |
  FEV1/FVC ratio | 1319 | 0.88 (0.02) | 147 | 0.87 (0.01) | 857 | 0.88 (0.02) | 133 | 0.88 (0.02) | 182 | 0.88 (0.02) | 0.032 |
  MEF (FEF 25–75%) | 1319 | 2.90 (0.29) | 147 | 2.90 (0.30) | 857 | 2.92 (0.29) | 133 | 2.88 (0.29) | 182 | 2.86 (0.30) | 0.132 |
 Z-Scores | |||||||||||
  FEV1 (L) | 1319 | 0.53 (0.99) | 147 | 0.45 (0.97) | 857 | 0.60 (0.97) | 133 | 0.52 (1.00) | 182 | 0.31 (1.08) | 0.002 |
  FVC (L) | 1319 | 0.83 (1.10) | 147 | 0.84 (1.13) | 857 | 0.83 (1.10) | 133 | 0.82 (1.05) | 182 | 0.81 (1.17) | 0.991 |
  FEV1/FVC ratio | 1319 | −0.39 (1.10) | 147 | −0.57 (1.00) | 857 | −0.29 (1.10) | 133 | −0.41 (1.08) | 182 | −0.71 (1.15) | < 0.001 |
  MEF (FEF 25–75%) | 1319 | −0.06 (1.06) | 147 | −0.28 (0.94) | 857 | 0.05 (1.03) | 133 | −0.13 (1.13) | 182 | −0.37 (1.15) | < 0.001 |