Associations between adolescents’ internalizing problems and well-being: is there a buffering role of boys’ and girls’ relationships with their mothers and fathers?

Table 3 Structural equation modeling results for main effects

	Model 1 Base model			Model 2 Mothers only			Model 3 Fathers only			Model 4 Mothers and fathers
	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β
Intercept	3.45^***	0.06	3.55^***	3.42^***	0.06	3.51^***	3.44^***	0.06	3.54^***	3.41^***	0.06	3.51^***
Age	−0.04	0.03	−0.05	−0.02	0.03	− 0.02	−0.02	0.03	−0.03	− 0.01	0.03	− 0.01
Ethnocultural background	0.02	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.05	0.02
Education level	−0.10	0.06	−0.05	−0.06	0.06	−0.03	− 0.09	0.06	− 0.04	−0.05	0.06	−0.02
IP	−0.05^***	0.00	−0.50^***	−0.05^***	0.00	−0.42^***	− 0.05^***	0.00	− 0.45^***	−0.04^***	0.00	−0.40^***
Mother RQ				0.26^***	0.04	0.21^***				0.22^***	0.04	0.18^***
Father RQ							0.16^***	0.03	0.16^***	0.10^**	0.03	0.10^**
R²	.26*		.29*			.28*			.30*

SE Standard error, IP Internalizing problems, RQ Relationship quality. R² = explained variance in adolescents’ well-being. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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