Table 3 Predictors of trajectory group membership and time-varying covariates associated with depressive symptom trajectory groups during the COVID-19 pandemic
Predictors of group membership | ORa | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
High-increasing vs low-consistent trajectory group | |||
Age (Ref. = ≥50) | |||
  < 50 | 1.68 | (0.88, 3.21) | 0.1112 |
Sex (Ref. = Male) | |||
 Female | 1.57 | (0.74, 3.30) | 0.2377 |
Education status (Ref. = Bachelor’s education or above) | |||
 Below bachelor’s education | 1.73 | (0.89, 3.38) | 0.1031 |
Partner status (Ref. = Married or living with a partner in common-law) | |||
 Single | 1.34 | (0.67, 2.65) | 0.3994 |
Dwelling type (Ref. = House) | |||
 Apartment | 2.08 | (0.97, 4.46) | 0.0614 |
Number of COVID-19 related symptoms | 1.11 | (1.00, 1.22) | 0.0573 |
Number of chronic conditions | 1.14 | (0.95, 1.36) | 0.1631 |
Coping strategy | |||
 Problem-focused | 1.01 | (0.92, 1.11) | 0.8369 |
 Emotion-focused | 0.85 | (0.79, 0.92) | 0.0002 |
 Dysfunctional | 1.36 | (1.26, 1.47) | < 0.0001 |
Time-varying covariates | Shift in trajectory in the presence of time-varying covariate | 95% CI | p-value |
Health-related concerns | |||
 High-increasing group | 0.65 | (−0.27, 1.57) | 0.1635 |
 Low-consistent group | 1.36 | (0.65, 2.07) | 0.0001 |
Difficulty in accessing resources | |||
 High-increasing group | 2.02 | (1.08, 2.96) | < 0.0001 |
 Low-consistent group | 1.48 | (0.81, 2.15) | < 0.0001 |
Caregiving responsibilities | |||
 High-increasing group | 1.41 | (0.49, 2.33) | 0.0028 |
 Low-consistent group | 1.21 | (0.60, 1.82) | 0.0001 |