Table 2 Basic characteristics of non-caregivers and caregivers in unmatched and matched cohorts
From: Gender differences in depressive symptoms of rural Chinese grandparents caring for grandchildren
| Variables | Unmatched (N = 4833) | Matched (N = 4187) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non- caregivers (%) | Caregivers (%) | P-value | Non- caregivers (%) | Caregivers (%) | P-valuec | |
| N | 2199 | 2634 | 1975 | 2212 | ||
| Agea, years | < 0.001 | 0.993 | ||||
| 45–59 | 711 (32.33) | 1223 (46.43) | 881 (44.62) | 987 (44.62) | ||
| ≥60 | 1488 (67.67) | 1411 (53.57) | 1094 (55.38) | 1225 (55.38) | ||
| Education levela | < 0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
| Illiterate | 650 (29.56) | 663 (25.17) | 479 (24.23) | 536 (24.23) | ||
| Primary school or below | 1069 (48.61) | 1203 (45.67) | 967 (48.96) | 1083 (48.96) | ||
| Middle school | 361 (16.42) | 560 (21.26) | 407 (20.61) | 456 (20.61) | ||
| High school or above | 119 (5.41) | 208 (7.90) | 122 (6.19) | 137 (6.19) | ||
| Marital statusa | < 0.001 | 0.983 | ||||
| Married | 582 (26.47) | 411 (15.60) | 254 (12.84) | 284 (12.84) | ||
| Separated/Divorced/Wido-wed/Never married | 1617 (73.53) | 2223 (84.40) | 1721 (87.16) | 1928 (87.16) | ||
| Work statusa | < 0.001 | 0.994 | ||||
| Unemployed | 712 (32.38) | 690 (26.20) | 460 (23.28) | 515 (23.28) | ||
| Working | 1487 (67.62) | 1944 (73.80) | 1515 (76.72) | 1697 (76.72) | ||
| Annual household incomea | < 0.001 | 0.999 | ||||
| Poorest | 203.28 (172.07) | 219.23 (183.78) | 212.12 (173.27) | 220.90 (183.18) | ||
| 2nd quintile | 1225.98 (446.14) | 1198.56 (442.78) | 1304.82 (467.74) | 1224.17 (462.97) | ||
| Middle | 4622.72 (1928.62) | 4687.21 (1964.16) | 4740.37 (1886.45) | 4786.37 (1959.94) | ||
| 4th quintile | 17,909.42 (6331.63) | 18,762.86 (6572.85) | 17,893.18 (6046.25) | 18,599.94 (6400.95) | ||
| Richest | 12,2600.7 (414,961.1) | 101,823.9 (184,383.4) | 114,110.5 (336,610.3) | 101,205.1 (187,140.5) | ||
| Receiving intergenerational support from childrena | 0.814 | 0.982 | ||||
| No | 312 (14.19) | 380 (14.43) | 221 (11.21) | 248 (11.21) | ||
| Yes | 1887 (85.81) | 2254 (85.57) | 1754 (88.79) | 1964 (88.79) | ||
| Co-habiting with childrena | < 0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
| No | 1514 (68.85) | 1468 (55.73) | 1150 (58.23) | 1288 (58.23) | ||
| Yes | 685 (31.15) | 1166 (44.27) | 825 (41.77) | 924 (41.77) | ||
| Number of grandchildrenb | 2.65 (1.89) | 3.00 (1.97) | < 0.001 | 2.55 (1.64) | 2.55 (1.64) | 1.000 |
| Engagement in social activitiesa | 0.001 | 0.085 | ||||
| No | 1120 (50.93) | 1211 (45.98) | 958 (48.50) | 1014 (45.84) | ||
| Yes | 1079 (49.07) | 1423 (54.02) | 1017 (51.50) | 1198 (54.16) | ||
| Suffering from chronic diseasea | 0.048 | 0.923 | ||||
| No | 579 (26.33) | 761 (28.89) | 575 (29.11) | 647 (29.25) | ||
| Yes | 1620 (73.67) | 1873 (71.11) | 1400 (70.89) | 1565 (70.75) | ||
| ADLs scoreb | 0.69 (1.77) | 0.50 (1.33) | < 0.001 | 0.55 (1.44) | 0.50 (1.33) | 0.553 |
| IADLs scoreb | 1.34 (2.78) | 1.03 (2.32) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (2.41) | 1.02 (2.35) | 0.113 |