Table 2 Basic characteristics of non-caregivers and caregivers in unmatched and matched cohorts
From: Gender differences in depressive symptoms of rural Chinese grandparents caring for grandchildren
Variables | Unmatched (N = 4833) | Matched (N = 4187) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non- caregivers (%) | Caregivers (%) | P-value | Non- caregivers (%) | Caregivers (%) | P-valuec | |
N | 2199 | 2634 | Â | 1975 | 2212 | Â |
Agea, years |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.993 |
 45–59 | 711 (32.33) | 1223 (46.43) |  | 881 (44.62) | 987 (44.62) |  |
 ≥60 | 1488 (67.67) | 1411 (53.57) |  | 1094 (55.38) | 1225 (55.38) |  |
Education levela |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 1.000 |
 Illiterate | 650 (29.56) | 663 (25.17) |  | 479 (24.23) | 536 (24.23) |  |
 Primary school or below | 1069 (48.61) | 1203 (45.67) |  | 967 (48.96) | 1083 (48.96) |  |
 Middle school | 361 (16.42) | 560 (21.26) |  | 407 (20.61) | 456 (20.61) |  |
 High school or above | 119 (5.41) | 208 (7.90) |  | 122 (6.19) | 137 (6.19) |  |
Marital statusa |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.983 |
 Married | 582 (26.47) | 411 (15.60) |  | 254 (12.84) | 284 (12.84) |  |
 Separated/Divorced/Wido-wed/Never married | 1617 (73.53) | 2223 (84.40) |  | 1721 (87.16) | 1928 (87.16) |  |
Work statusa |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.994 |
 Unemployed | 712 (32.38) | 690 (26.20) |  | 460 (23.28) | 515 (23.28) |  |
 Working | 1487 (67.62) | 1944 (73.80) |  | 1515 (76.72) | 1697 (76.72) |  |
Annual household incomea |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 0.999 |
 Poorest | 203.28 (172.07) | 219.23 (183.78) |  | 212.12 (173.27) | 220.90 (183.18) |  |
 2nd quintile | 1225.98 (446.14) | 1198.56 (442.78) |  | 1304.82 (467.74) | 1224.17 (462.97) |  |
 Middle | 4622.72 (1928.62) | 4687.21 (1964.16) |  | 4740.37 (1886.45) | 4786.37 (1959.94) |  |
 4th quintile | 17,909.42 (6331.63) | 18,762.86 (6572.85) |  | 17,893.18 (6046.25) | 18,599.94 (6400.95) |  |
 Richest | 12,2600.7 (414,961.1) | 101,823.9 (184,383.4) |  | 114,110.5 (336,610.3) | 101,205.1 (187,140.5) |  |
Receiving intergenerational support from childrena | Â | Â | 0.814 | Â | Â | 0.982 |
 No | 312 (14.19) | 380 (14.43) |  | 221 (11.21) | 248 (11.21) |  |
 Yes | 1887 (85.81) | 2254 (85.57) |  | 1754 (88.79) | 1964 (88.79) |  |
Co-habiting with childrena |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | 1.000 |
 No | 1514 (68.85) | 1468 (55.73) |  | 1150 (58.23) | 1288 (58.23) |  |
 Yes | 685 (31.15) | 1166 (44.27) |  | 825 (41.77) | 924 (41.77) |  |
Number of grandchildrenb | 2.65 (1.89) | 3.00 (1.97) | < 0.001 | 2.55 (1.64) | 2.55 (1.64) | 1.000 |
Engagement in social activitiesa | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | 0.085 |
 No | 1120 (50.93) | 1211 (45.98) |  | 958 (48.50) | 1014 (45.84) |  |
 Yes | 1079 (49.07) | 1423 (54.02) |  | 1017 (51.50) | 1198 (54.16) |  |
Suffering from chronic diseasea | Â | Â | 0.048 | Â | Â | 0.923 |
 No | 579 (26.33) | 761 (28.89) |  | 575 (29.11) | 647 (29.25) |  |
 Yes | 1620 (73.67) | 1873 (71.11) |  | 1400 (70.89) | 1565 (70.75) |  |
ADLs scoreb | 0.69 (1.77) | 0.50 (1.33) | < 0.001 | 0.55 (1.44) | 0.50 (1.33) | 0.553 |
IADLs scoreb | 1.34 (2.78) | 1.03 (2.32) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (2.41) | 1.02 (2.35) | 0.113 |