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Table 1 Participant characteristics at baseline, by level of engagementa

From: Evaluating the use of a recommender system for selecting optimal messages for smoking cessation: patterns and effects of user-system engagement

 

Levels of engagement (response rate)

P valueb

0

> 0 & ≤0.1

> 0.1 & ≤0.6

> 0.6 & ≤1

 

n = 279

n = 153

n = 151

n = 148

 
 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

 

Age group

    

< 0.001*

 19–24 years

29 (10.4)

8 (5.2)

16 (10.6)

6 (4.1)

 

 25–34 years

52 (10.4)

32 (20.9)

41 (27.2)

22 (14.9)

 

 35–44 years

44 (18.6)

18 (11.8)

34 (22.5)

41 (27.7)

 

 45–54 years

44 (15.8)

30 (19.6)

16 (10.6)

30 (20.3)

 

 55–64 years

82 (29.4)

50 (32.7)

34 (22.5)

41 (27.7)

 

 65+ years

28 (10.0)

15 (9.8)

10 (6.6)

8 (5.4)

 

Gender

    

0.24

 Female

200 (71.7)

120 (78.4)

103 (68.2)

108 (73.0)

 

 Male

79 (28.3)

33 (21.6)

48 (31.8)

40 (27.0)

 

African-American

    

0.01*

 Yes

35 (12.5)

11 (7.2)

30 (19.9)

21 (14.2)

 

 No

244 (87.5)

142 (92.8)

121 (80.1)

127 (85.8)

 

Education

    

0.35

  ≤ High school

37 (28.0)

29 (32.6)

34 (25.8)

40 (28.0)

 

 Some college or technical school

62 (47.0)

36 (40.4)

64 (48.5)

53 (37.1)

 

 College graduate

33 (25.0)

24 (27.0)

34 (25.8)

50 (35.0)

 

How hard it is for you/family to pay for medical care

    

0.27

 Very hard

23 (17.4)

17 (19.1)

20 (15.0)

33 (23.1)

 

 Hard

17 (12.9)

17 (19.1)

21 (15.8)

20 (14.0)

 

 Somewhat hard

49 (37.1)

27 (30.3)

44 (33.1)

43 (30.1)

 

 Not very hard

40 (30.3)

28 (31.5)

40 (30.1)

45 (31.5)

 

 Don’t know

3 (2.3)

0 (0.0)

8 (6.0)

2 (1.4)

 

Number of cigarettes smoked per day

    

0.001*

  < =10

84 (30.1)

47 (30.7)

74 (49.0)

49 (33.1)

 

  > 10 and < =20

132 (47.3)

78 (51.0)

59 (39.1)

62 (41.9)

 

  > 20

63 (22.6)

28 (18.3)

18 (11.9)

37 (25.0)

 
  1. * indicates statistically significant (P < 0.05)
  2. aBaseline characteristics of 731 participants by four levels of engagement (response rate = 0, > 0 and ≤ 0.1, > 0.1 and ≤ 0.6, > 0.6 and ≤ 1.0)
  3. bWe used chi-square test to assess the difference in user engagement levels over categorical variables