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Table 2 Drug use among participants with urinalysis in three pilot sites, 2018/2019

From: Towards cross-Canada monitoring of the unregulated street drug supply

 

BC

N = 309%

Edmonton

N = 48%

Montreal

N = 341%

Substances

Reported

Detected

Reported

Detected

Reported

Detected

Stimulants

 Cocaine (powder)

20.1

–

10.4

–

40.8

–

 Crack

22.7

–

35.4

–

62.4

–

 Cocaine or cracka

29.4

42.4

39.6

27.1

74.5

86.5

 Methamphetamine

62.8

72.2

58.3

68.8

14.9

43.0

 Speedb

–

–

–

–

24.8

–

Opioids

 Heroin

48.5

–

20.8

–

22.7

–

 Morphine

15.2

–

35.4

–

12.8

–

 Heroin or morphinec

52.8

55.0

54.2

43.8

30.6

22.2

 Fentanyld

41.0

59.2

29.2

29.2

3.5

9.7

 Hydromorphone

6.8

20.4

35.4

52.1

22.0

14.7

 Methadone

27.0

31.4

6.3

6.3

25.9

28.7

Depressants

 Benzodiazepines

12.3

9.7

22.9

29.2

16.0

12.6

  1. aBroad spectrum urine toxicology testing cannot distinguish between crack and cocaine
  2. bThe survey used in Montreal listed methamphetamine and speed separately as the content of the latter was not clear to participants or researchers. Accordingly, a measure of detected use of speed is not applicable in the context of this research
  3. cDetected use of heroin or morphine includes 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM; a direct metabolite of heroin), morphine, and morphine metabolites. Detected use is presented together as 6-MAM clears rapidly from urine, after which it is difficult to discern between heroin or morphine use
  4. dFentanyl and fentanyl analogues
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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