Table 3 Sociodemographic and other characteristics of the participants (N = 372)
Variable | N (%) |
|---|---|
Gender | |
Male | 122 (32.8%) |
Female | 250 (67.2%) |
District | |
Beirut | 62 (16.7%) |
Mount Lebanon | 271 (72.8%) |
North Lebanon | 27 (7.3%) |
South Lebanon | 9 (2.4%) |
Bekaa | 3 (0.8%) |
Acne diagnosis by a dermatologist | |
No | 248 (66.7%) |
Yes | 124 (33.3%) |
LEEDS score for the face | |
< 2 | 291 (78.2%) |
≥ 2 | 81 (21.8%) |
LEEDS score for the back | |
< 2 | 340 (91.4%) |
≥ 2 | 32 (8.6%) |
LEEDS score for the chest | |
< 2 | 353 (94.9%) |
≥ 2 | 19 (5.1%) |
Total LEEDS score (face, back and chest) | |
< 2 | 278 (74.7%) |
≥ 2 | 94 (25.3%) |
Number of times you wash your face per week | |
Never | 247 (66.4%) |
1–2 times | 47 (12.6%) |
3–5 times | 46 (12.4%) |
Daily | 32 (8.6%) |
Skin type | |
Normal | 88 (23.7%) |
Dry | 25 (6.7%) |
Mixed | 139 (37.4%) |
vOily | 90 (24.2%) |
Do not know | 30 (8.1%) |
Use of hydrating cream (yes) | 266 (71.5%) |
Use of medical devices (yes) | 31 (8.3%) |
Use of cream powder (yes) | 111 (29.8%) |
Stress/sleep deprivation (yes) | 174 (46.8%) |
Intake of sugar-based products | |
1–2 times per week or less | 121 (32.5%) |
3–5 times per week | 135 (36.3%) |
Every day | 116 (31.2%) |
Whey proteins intake | |
1–2 times per week or less | 343 (92.2%) |
3–5 times per week | 22 (5.9%) |
Every day | 7 (1.9%) |
Dairy products intake | |
1–2 times per week or less | 64 (17.2%) |
3–5 times per week | 157 (42.2%) |
Every day | 151 (40.6%) |
Carbohydrates intake | |
1–2 times per week or less | 154 (41.4%) |
3–5 times per week | 154 (41.4%) |
Every day | 64 (17.2%) |
Hours in front of screen | |
0–1 h | 8 (2.2%) |
2–3 h | 95 (25.5%) |
4–5 h | 133 (35.8%) |
6 h or more | 136 (36.6%) |
Smoking (yes) | 124 (33.3%) |
Passive smoking daily (yes) | 167 (44.9%) |
Living close to a highway/busy road (yes) | 119 (32.0%) |
Living close to an electric generator (yes) | 94 (25.3%) |
Living near a power plant (yes) | 42 (11.3%) |
Working near a power plant (yes) | 24 (6.5%) |
Driving a car (yes) | 328 (88.2%) |
Using the air condition in the car (yes) | 352 (94.6%) |
Hours stuck in traffic per day | |
Not applicable | 85 (22.8%) |
1–2 h per day | 243 (65.3%) |
3–4 h per day | 40 (10.8%) |
5 or more hours per day | 4 (1.1%) |
Hours of outdoor activities per day | |
Not applicable | 91 (24.5%) |
v1–2 h per day | 203 (54.6%) |
v3–4 h per day | 69 (18.5%) |
5 or more hours per day | 9 (2.4%) |
Mean ± SD | |
Age (in years) | 29.44 ± 12.71 |
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 23.32 ± 4.57 |
Household crowding index | 0.93 ± 0.43 |
Number of family members with acne or history of acne | 0.73 ± 0.76 |
Exposure to NO2 categories | |
None | 35 (9.4%) |
Mild | 113 (30.4%) |
Moderate | 180 (48.4%) |
Severe | 44 (11.8%) |
Exposure to CO categories | |
None | 354 (95.2%) |
Mild | 16 (4.3%) |
Moderate | 2 (0.5%) |
Severe | 0 (0%) |
Exposure to SO2 categories | |
None | 273 (73.4%) |
Mild | 75 (20.2%) |
Moderate | 22 (5.9%) |
Severe | 2 (0.5%) |
Exposure to O3 categories | |
None | 328 (88.2%) |
Mild | 43 (11.6%) |
Moderate | 1 (0.3%) |
Severe | 0 (0%) |
Exposure to PM10 categories | |
None | 121 (32.5%) |
Mild | 129 (34.7%) |
Moderate | 105 (28.2%) |
Severe | 17 (4.6%) |
Exposure to PM2.5 categories | |
None | 4 (1.1%) |
Mild | 88 (23.7%) |
Moderate | 213 (57.3%) |
Severe | 67 (18.0%) |