From: Trends and socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health in Japan, 1986–2016
Survey year | 1986 | 1989 | 1992 | 1995 | 1998 | 2001 | |||||||||||||
n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | ||
Men | |||||||||||||||||||
All population (aged 25–64) | 203,913 | 203,336 | 195,401 | 183,361 | 176,448 | 168,541 | |||||||||||||
Occupational class (EGP scheme) | |||||||||||||||||||
Upper non-manual workers (I + II) | 26,456 | 14.2 | 15.1 | 32,877 | 17.9 | 19.5 | 38,597 | 21.9 | 23.3 | 38,270 | 23.5 | 25.3 | 42,749 | 27.6 | 29.2 | 39,594 | 27.2 | 28.6 | |
Lower non-manual workers (III) | 51,095 | 27.4 | 31.0 | 47,502 | 25.8 | 28.4 | 43,706 | 24.8 | 27.1 | 41,904 | 25.7 | 27.9 | 38,696 | 24.9 | 26.4 | 38,373 | 26.3 | 27.9 | |
Manual workers (V + VI + VIIa) | 59,602 | 32.0 | 30.2 | 59,873 | 32.6 | 30.7 | 55,506 | 31.5 | 29.4 | 49,759 | 30.5 | 28.0 | 44,390 | 28.6 | 26.6 | 40,708 | 28.0 | 26.0 | |
Farmers (IVc + VIIb) | 19,529 | 10.5 | 7.4 | 15,857 | 8.6 | 6.2 | 12,040 | 6.8 | 4.9 | 9149 | 5.6 | 4.1 | 7710 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 6548 | 4.5 | 3.4 | |
Self-employed (IVa + b) | 29,557 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 27,825 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 26,520 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 23,909 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 21,568 | 13.9 | 14.2 | 20,409 | 14.0 | 14.2 | |
Economically inactive/unknown | 17,674 | – | – | 19,402 | – | – | 19,032 | – | – | 20,370 | – | – | 21,335 | – | – | 22,909 | – | – | |
Women | |||||||||||||||||||
All population (aged 25–64) | 219,590 | 215,350 | 207,569 | 194,538 | 187,822 | 178,373 | |||||||||||||
Occupational class (EGP scheme) | |||||||||||||||||||
Upper non-manual workers (I + II) | 12,252 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 14,683 | 13.1 | 13.3 | 16,292 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 17,313 | 17.0 | 17.3 | 18,031 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 19,110 | 19.1 | 19.0 | |
Lower non-manual workers (III) | 48,230 | 43.4 | 48.3 | 49,730 | 44.5 | 48.6 | 52,535 | 47.3 | 51.3 | 50,290 | 49.5 | 53.1 | 52,362 | 51.5 | 54.8 | 53,243 | 53.2 | 55.7 | |
Manual workers (V + VI + VIIa) | 28,153 | 25.3 | 23.5 | 29,428 | 26.3 | 24.4 | 26,841 | 24.2 | 22.0 | 21,843 | 21.5 | 18.9 | 19,325 | 19.0 | 17.1 | 17,118 | 17.1 | 15.5 | |
Farmers (IVc + VIIb) | 15,405 | 13.9 | 10.7 | 11,728 | 10.5 | 8.1 | 8987 | 8.1 | 6.1 | 6435 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 5941 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 4920 | 4.9 | 4.0 | |
Self-employed (IVa + b) | 7027 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6162 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 6328 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5725 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6013 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5711 | 5.7 | 5.8 | |
Economically inactive/unknown | 108,523 | – | – | 103,619 | – | – | 96,586 | – | – | 92,932 | – | – | 86,150 | – | – | 78,271 | – | – | |
Survey year | 2004 | 2007 | 2010 | 2013 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | n | (%) | Weighted (%) | |||||
Men | |||||||||||||||||||
All population (aged 25–64) | 144,887 | 142,766 | 130,938 | 143,335 | 128,787 | ||||||||||||||
Occupational class (EGP scheme) | |||||||||||||||||||
Upper non-manual workers (I + II) | 34,789 | 29.7 | 31.2 | 45,240 | 38.0 | 40.0 | 38,274 | 35.4 | 37.3 | 41,632 | 35.7 | 37.4 | 38,257 | 36.0 | 38.0 | ||||
Lower non-manual workers (III) | 29,487 | 25.2 | 26.5 | 28,837 | 24.2 | 25.0 | 27,123 | 25.1 | 26.1 | 30,421 | 26.1 | 26.9 | 27,297 | 25.7 | 26.7 | ||||
Manual workers (V + VI + VIIa) | 31,869 | 27.2 | 25.4 | 25,534 | 21.4 | 19.9 | 25,909 | 24.0 | 22.2 | 28,690 | 24.6 | 22.9 | 27,285 | 25.7 | 23.5 | ||||
Farmers (IVc + VIIb) | 4554 | 3.9 | 2.8 | 4026 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 4159 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 4354 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3778 | 3.6 | 2.5 | ||||
Self-employed (IVa + b) | 16,352 | 14.0 | 14.2 | 15,423 | 13.0 | 12.8 | 12,608 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 11,558 | 9.9 | 10.2 | 9735 | 9.2 | 9.3 | ||||
Economically inactive/unknown | 27,836 | – | – | 23,706 | – | – | 22,865 | – | – | 26,680 | – | – | 22,435 | – | – | ||||
Educational level (aged 25–64) | |||||||||||||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 43,165 | 35.3 | 39.3 | 47,687 | 36.3 | 40.3 | 44,372 | 38.9 | 43.2 | ||||||||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 67,620 | 55.3 | 52.0 | 72,616 | 55.3 | 52.0 | 62,310 | 54.6 | 50.9 | ||||||||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 11,429 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 10,944 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 7384 | 6.5 | 5.9 | ||||||||||
Educational level (aged 65–94) | |||||||||||||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 6745 | 16.1 | 19.6 | 9745 | 17.6 | 21.6 | 11,501 | 20.2 | 24.6 | ||||||||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 18,179 | 43.3 | 43.3 | 25,575 | 46.2 | 45.6 | 27,819 | 48.8 | 47.4 | ||||||||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 17,026 | 40.6 | 37.0 | 20,068 | 36.2 | 32.8 | 17,703 | 31.0 | 27.9 | ||||||||||
Women | |||||||||||||||||||
All population (aged 25–64) | 154,877 | 152,551 | 140,212 | 153,341 | 136,789 | ||||||||||||||
Occupational class (EGP scheme) | |||||||||||||||||||
Upper non-manual workers (I + II) | 14,433 | 23.6 | 23.7 | 18,385 | 26.9 | 26.9 | 21,424 | 24.9 | 24.7 | 24,509 | 25.9 | 25.2 | 23,647 | 26.5 | 25.9 | ||||
Lower non-manual workers (III) | 32,380 | 53.0 | 54.8 | 35,975 | 52.6 | 54.7 | 47,944 | 55.8 | 57.9 | 53,770 | 56.7 | 58.6 | 50,432 | 56.5 | 58.4 | ||||
Manual workers (V + VI + VIIa) | 8975 | 14.7 | 13.0 | 8399 | 12.3 | 10.7 | 10,126 | 11.8 | 10.8 | 10,522 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 10,034 | 11.2 | 10.4 | ||||
Farmers (IVc + VIIb) | 1875 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 1633 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2633 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 2528 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 2176 | 2.4 | 1.8 | ||||
Self-employed (IVa + b) | 3481 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 3956 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 3821 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 3479 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3034 | 3.4 | 3.6 | ||||
Economically inactive/unknown | 93,733 | – | – | 84,203 | – | – | 54,264 | – | – | 58,533 | – | – | 47,466 | – | – | ||||
Educational level (aged 25–64) | |||||||||||||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 41,362 | 32.3 | 35.5 | 46,178 | 33.5 | 36.6 | 43,571 | 36.7 | 40.1 | ||||||||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 77,820 | 60.7 | 57.9 | 83,128 | 60.3 | 57.6 | 69,891 | 58.8 | 55.6 | ||||||||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 9020 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 8493 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 5321 | 4.5 | 4.3 | ||||||||||
Educational level (aged 65–94) | |||||||||||||||||||
High (ISCED: 5–8) | N/A | N/A | 2996 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 4814 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 6114 | 8.7 | 10.6 | ||||||||
Middle (ISCED: 3, 4) | 24,346 | 45.4 | 47.8 | 35,240 | 49.8 | 52.2 | 37,950 | 53.7 | 55.5 | ||||||||||
Low (ISCED: 1, 2) | 26,304 | 49.0 | 45.4 | 30,697 | 43.4 | 39.4 | 26,590 | 37.6 | 33.9 |