Table 3 Summary of studies and their findings on the relationship between electronic media devices and sleep outcomes among 6–12-year-olds
From: Electronic media use and sleep in children and adolescents in western countries: a systematic review
Electronic media device | Measured at bedtime | Sleep outcomes | Study design | Quality Assessment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | Delayed bedtime or sleep onset latency | Poor sleep quality | Short sleep duration | Daytime tiredness | Â | Â |
Television | |||||||
 Arora 2014 | Yes | 0 | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Chahal 2012 | Yes |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Falbe 2014 | No | + |  | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Marinelli 2014 | No |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Mireku 2019 | Yes | + | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Nuutinen 2013 | No | + |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Yland 2015 | No |  |  | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
Video game (console) | |||||||
 Arora 2014 | Yes | + | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Chahal 2012 | Yes |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Falbe 2014 | No | + |  | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Yland 2015 | No |  |  | 0 |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
Mobile phone | |||||||
 Arora 2014 | Yes | +/0 | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Chahal 2012 | Yes |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Huss 2015 | No | + | + | + | 0 | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Mireku 2019 | Yes | + | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Redmayne 2013 | No | 0 | 0 | 0 | + | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
Computer | |||||||
 Arora 2014 | Yes | +/0 | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Chahal 2012 | Yes |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Nuutinen 2013 | No | + |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Yland 2015 | No |  |  | +/0 |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
Internet/social media | |||||||
 Arora 2014 | Yes | + | 0 | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
Total screen time | |||||||
 Barlett 2011 | No |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Brambilla 2017 | Yes |  |  | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Gentile 2014 | No |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Greever 2017 | No |  | + | 0 |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Mireku 2019 | Yes | + |  | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Parent 2016 | No |  | + | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
Electronic media devices in the bedroom | |||||||
 Arora 2014 |  | 0 | 0 | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Brambilla 2017 |  |  |  | 0 |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Chahal 2012 |  |  |  | + |  | Cohort study | Moderate |
 Falbe 2014 |  | + |  | + |  | Cross-sectional | Moderate |
 Mindell 2016 |  |  |  | 0 |  | RCT | Moderate |
 Nuutinen 2013 |  | + |  | +/0 |  | Cohort study | Moderate |