|
Variable
|
ADL
|
IADL
|
Impairments
|
|---|
|
%
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
%
|
AOR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
60–69@
|
3.4
| |
47.4
| |
65.6
| |
|
70–79
|
9.6
|
2.33*(1.90,2.86)
|
66.5
|
1.85*(1.66,2.07)
|
81.0
|
1.86*(1.63,2.11)
|
|
80+
|
25.7
|
6.42*(5.10,8.08)
|
85.5
|
5.08*(4.16,6.21)
|
90.8
|
3.5*(2.73,4.48)
|
|
Sex
|
*
| | | |
*
| |
|
Men@
|
5.8
| |
56.3
| |
70.7
| |
|
Women
|
9.0
|
1.02(0.83,1.27)
|
57.2
|
0.57*(0.51,0.65)
|
74.2
|
1.03(0.90,1.18)
|
|
Educational status
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
None @
|
9.2
| |
69.7
| |
75.4
| |
|
Below 5 years
|
7.6
|
1.00(0.80,1.27)
|
51.2
|
0.57*(0.50,0.65)
|
77.0
|
1.06(0.92,1.24)
|
|
6 to 10 years
|
4.5
|
0.98(0.74,1.29)
|
40.5
|
0.44*(0.38,0.5)
|
62.0
|
0.79*(0.68,0.92)
|
|
11+ years
|
3.9
|
1.48(0.95,2.31)
|
26.3
|
0.21*(0.16,0.26)
|
72.5
|
1.18(0.93,1.5)
|
|
Marital status
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Not in union@
|
10.9
| |
63.0
| |
77.4
| |
|
Currently in union
|
5.3
|
1.01(0.81,1.24)
|
52.7
|
0.81*(0.72,0.91)
|
69.4
|
0.86*(0.75,0.98)
|
|
Living arrangement
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Alone@
|
3.4
| |
36.4
| |
66.5
| |
|
With spouse
|
3.6
|
1.50(0.87,2.57)
|
48.2
|
2.79*(2.17,3.59)
|
62.8
|
0.78(0.60,1.02)
|
|
With children
|
8.4
|
2.40*(1.51,3.83)
|
60.0
|
4.13*(3.30,5.18)
|
74.4
|
0.91(0.72,1.16)
|
|
Others
|
10.1
|
2.65*(1.57,4.46)
|
60.4
|
3.98*(3.04,5.2)
|
80.5
|
0.97(0.72,1.30)
|
|
Working status
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
No@
|
10.4
| |
63.3
| |
76.2
| |
|
Yes
|
1.1
|
0.16*(0.10,0.26)
|
43.3
|
0.47*(0.41,0.53)
|
67.3
|
0.85*(0.74,0.97)
|
|
Retired
|
2.6
|
0.41*(0.26,0.63)
|
43.4
|
0.81*(0.67,0.97)
|
58.9
|
0.83(0.68,1.01)
|
|
Having children
|
*
| | | |
*
| |
|
Yes@
|
7.7
| |
57.0
| |
72.7
| |
|
No
|
3.8
|
0.83(0.50,1.37)
|
52.0
|
1.03(0.80,1.32)
|
69.8
|
0.86(0.66,1.12)
|
|
Self-rated health
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Good@
|
2.6
| |
47.5
| |
59.4
| |
|
Poor
|
11.4
|
2.95*(2.37,3.67)
|
64.3
|
1.74*(1.57,1.92)
|
83.2
|
2.36*(2.11,2.63)
|
|
Chronic diseases
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
No@
|
3.1
| |
53.9
| |
54.1
| |
|
Yes
|
9.9
|
2.7*(2.13,3.43)
|
58.4
|
1.15*(1.04,1.27)
|
82.6
|
2.95*(2.65,3.3)
|
|
Substance use
| | | | |
*
| |
|
No@
|
7.6
| |
56.2
| |
67.9
| |
|
Yes
|
7.3
|
0.92(0.76,1.12)
|
57.8
|
0.92(0.83,1.03)
|
81.2
|
1.65*(1.45,1.87)
|
|
Wealth quintile
| | |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Poorest@
|
7.9
| |
67.6
| |
76.5
| |
|
Poorer
|
7.4
|
0.96(0.73,1.26)
|
59.2
|
0.88(0.75,1.03)
|
70.6
|
0.9(0.76,1.08)
|
|
Middle
|
8.2
|
0.87(0.65,1.17)
|
55.3
|
0.85(0.72,1.01)
|
70.0
|
0.86(0.71,1.04)
|
|
Richer
|
6.7
|
0.67*(0.48,0.92)
|
51.4
|
0.74*(0.61,0.89)
|
69.1
|
0.98(0.80,1.21)
|
|
Richest
|
7.1
|
0.72(0.51,1.03)
|
45.0
|
0.72*(0.58,0.88)
|
77.2
|
1.20(0.94,1.51)
|
|
Religion
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Hindu@
|
7.3
| |
57.4
| |
71.6
| |
|
Muslim
|
11.7
|
1.41*(1.03,1.94)
|
58.1
|
1.51*(1.23,1.84)
|
79.1
|
0.91(0.72,1.14)
|
|
Sikh
|
6.1
|
1.24(0.79,1.93)
|
61.3
|
1.06(0.84,1.34)
|
71.1
|
0.78*(0.60,1.00)
|
|
Others
|
6.4
|
0.85(0.54,1.35)
|
32.1
|
0.85(0.66,1.09)
|
83.8
|
1.25(0.93,1.69)
|
|
Caste
|
*
| |
*
| | | |
|
Scheduled Caste
|
8.0
|
1.08(0.85,1.38)
|
62.9
|
1.06(0.93,1.22)
|
74.2
|
0.92(0.78,1.07)
|
|
Scheduled Tribe
|
5.5
|
0.86(0.53,1.38)
|
63.4
|
0.95(0.75,1.2)
|
74.4
|
0.8(0.61,1.04)
|
|
Other Backward Class
|
7.6
|
1.05(0.83,1.34)
|
53.4
|
1.06(0.93,1.21)
|
65.7
|
0.83*(0.72,0.96)
|
|
Others@
|
7.4
| |
55.7
| |
78.2
| |
|
Place of residence
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Rural@
|
7.7
| |
59.6
| |
74.1
| |
|
Urban
|
6.8
|
1.00(0.83,1.21)
|
48.7
|
0.85*(0.77,0.95)
|
68.1
|
1.06(0.94,1.19)
|
|
State
|
*
| |
*
| |
*
| |
|
Himachal Pradesh@
|
7.8
| |
60.2
| |
67.9
| |
|
Punjab
|
5.8
|
0.52*(0.35,0.79)
|
60.6
|
1.05(0.85,1.31)
|
73.3
|
1.02(0.81,1.28)
|
|
West Bengal
|
11.2
|
1.19(0.86,1.64)
|
69.3
|
1.74*(1.44,2.11)
|
88.0
|
2.51*(1.98,3.17)
|
|
Orissa
|
8.5
|
1.34(0.96,1.87)
|
71.1
|
2.21*(1.83,2.67)
|
82.9
|
2.62*(2.11,3.24)
|
|
Maharashtra
|
3.9
|
0.49*(0.33,0.71)
|
49.3
|
0.77*(0.65,0.93)
|
72.9
|
1.14(0.94,1.38)
|
|
Kerala
|
9.7
|
0.91(0.64,1.28)
|
34.5
|
0.35*(0.29,0.43)
|
82.2
|
1.38*(1.1,1.72)
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
6.0
|
1.31(0.91,1.89)
|
53.3
|
1.25*(1.02,1.52)
|
44.0
|
0.51*(0.42,0.63)
|
|
Total
|
7.5
| |
56.8
| |
72.6
| |
- *p < 0.05; @Reference category; ADL Activities of daily living, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, AOR Adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval; The analysis was adjusted for all the socio-demographic and economic correlates
