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Table 6 Differences of behavior and experience patterns (AVEM) in study variables

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, mental health and coping behavior in German University students – a longitudinal study before and after the onset of the pandemic

 

Pattern

n

Mean

SD

Welch’s ANOVA

posthoca p < 0.05

Afraid of infection

G

544

1.6

0.6

F(3, 890.8) = 20.7, p < 0.01

GSb, GA, GB, SA, SB

S

482

1.5

0.6

A

352

1.8

0.7

B

367

1.7

0.7

Impact on study

G

544

3.7

1.2

F(3, 926.1) = 7.1, p < 0.01

SA, SB

S

482

3.5

1.1

A

349

3.9

1.0

B

367

3.8

1.1

Impact on economic existence

G

544

1.9

1.0

F(3, 889.8) = 16.3, p < 0.01

GA, GB, SA, SB

S

479

1.8

0.9

A

351

2.2

1.1

B

368

2.1

1.1

Impact on intangible existence

G

544

2.8

1.1

F(3, 911.4) = 31,8, p < 0.01

GA, GB, SA, SB

S

481

2.8

1.1

A

352

3.3

1.1

B

367

3.3

1.1

Wearing a mask

G

544

4.1

0.8

F(3, 915.3) = 7.5, p < 0.01

GS, SA

S

482

3.9

0.7

A

351

4.2

0.7

B

368

4.1

0.7

Washing hands more often

G

544

4.2

0.8

F(3,905.5) = 13.4, p < 0.01

GS, SA, AB

S

482

3.9

0.9

A

351

4.2

0.8

B

365

4.0

0.9

Taking more care about cleanliness

G

542

3.6

1.0

F(3, 911.1) = 27.3, p < 0.01

GS, GA, GB, SA, SB, AB

S

482

3.2

1.0

A

351

3.8

1.0

B

368

3.4

1.0

Using disinfectants

G

544

3.2

1.1

F(3, 906,0) =13.2, p < 0.01

GS, GA, SA, AB

S

482

2.9

1.0

A

352

3.4

1.1

B

366

3.1

1.1

Balanced diet

G

544

4.0

0.9

F(3, 906.8) = 15.7, p < 0.01

GS, GA, GB, SB, AB

S

481

3.8

1.0

A

352

3.8

1.0

B

368

3.6

1.0

Regular excercise

G

543

3.8

1.1

F(3, 899.7) = 24.5, p < 0.01

GS, GA, GB, SA, SB

S

481

3.6

1.1

A

352

3.4

1.2

B

365

3.2

1.2

Herbal supplements

G

543

1.9

1.2

F(3, 900.1) = 8.2, p < 0.01

GA, SA, SB

S

482

1.8

1.1

A

352

2.1

1.3

B

367

2.1

1.3

Sufficient sleep

G

543

3.7

0.9

F(3, 899.3) = 15.1, p < 0.01

GA, GB, SA, SB

S

481

3.7

1.0

A

352

3.5

1.0

B

368

3.3

1.0

Friends and family

G

543

4.1

0.8

F(3, 928.5) = 34.1, p < 0.01

GS, GA, GB, SA, SB, AB

S

482

3.9

0.8

A

352

3.7

0.8

B

367

3.5

0.9

Stress

G

544

24.9

7.2

F(3, 921.5) = 213.4, p < 0.01

GS, GA, GB, SA, SB, AB

S

481

25.9

6.9

A

352

31.3

6.4

B

368

33.5

6.0

Somatic symptoms

G

460

2.3

2.7

F(3, 737.8) = 59.4, p < 0.01

GA, GB, SA, SB

S

388

2.4

2.6

A

312

4.6

4.4

B

330

5.3

4.7

Depression

G

460

2.5

2.9

F(3, 733.8) = 153.6, p < 0.01

GS, GA, GB, SA, SB, AB

S

388

3.3

3.4

A

312

6.1

4.7

B

330

8.9

5.6

Anxiety

G

460

2.8

2.8

F(3, 733.5) = 91.5, p < 0.01

GA, GB, SA, SB

S

388

2.9

2.7

A

312

6.3

4.8

B

330

6.6

5.1

  1. aGames-Howell post-hoc test
  2. bIndicates a significant difference between pattern G (healthy) and pattern S (unambitious)